What Computers Still Can't Do by Hubert L. Dreyfus

A Critique of Artificial Reason

A rigorous critique of early artificial intelligence research, arguing that efforts to model thought as rule-based symbol manipulation overlook the embodied, context-bound, and skillful character of human understanding. Drawing on phenomenological insights, it highlights the role of tacit know-how, background practices, and the frame problem in limiting formalization, assesses later connectionist claims, and urges approaches that prioritize situated, embodied intelligence over abstract representations.

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