Medieval Philosophy by Gyula Klima

A concise, thematic introduction to medieval scholastic philosophy that reconstructs central debates in logic, semantics, metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of mind in clear, contemporary terms. It surveys key problems such as universals, individuation, modality, intentionality, mental language, the existence and nature of God, faith and reason, realism versus nominalism, and free will and divine foreknowledge, while situating them in the institutional and methodological context of the medieval university. By closely analyzing arguments of major thinkers like Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham, it highlights the enduring relevance of medieval insights for present-day philosophical discussions.