The Origins Of Monsters by David Wengrow

Image and Cognition in the First Age of Mechanical Reproduction

A cross-cultural study of how composite creatures—griffins, sphinxes, and other hybrids—emerged and spread across ancient Eurasia through craft traditions, trade networks, and early technologies of image replication. Combining archaeology with cognitive science, it argues that such fearsome images exploited evolved human attention to predatory features, becoming powerful visual templates that elites circulated on seals, metalwork, and luxury goods from the Near East to the Mediterranean and beyond.

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