Lecciones Sobre La Historia De La Filosofía 1 by G. W. F. Hegel

This first volume surveys the origins of Western philosophy, presenting the history of thought as a dialectical progression in which each system embodies a partial truth. It sets out principles for writing the history of philosophy, then examines the pre-Socratics (Ionians, Pythagoreans, Heraclitus, Eleatics), the Sophists, Socrates, and the classical syntheses of Plato and Aristotle, emphasizing the shift from cosmological speculation to ethical self-consciousness and systematic metaphysics, and showing how earlier doctrines are preserved and overcome in later ones.