Top 25 Pre-20th Century Classics

This is one of the 426 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.

  • Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

    The Modern Prometheus

    This classic novel tells the story of a young scientist who creates a grotesque but sentient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. The scientist, horrified by his creation, abandons it, leading the creature to seek revenge. The novel explores themes of ambition, responsibility, guilt, and the potential consequences of playing God.

    The 37th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Dracula by Bram Stoker

    This classic horror novel tells the story of Count Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of people led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. The narrative is composed of journal entries, letters, and telegrams written by the novel's protagonists, providing different perspectives on the gruesome events unfolding. The book touches on themes of sexuality, gender roles, and the clash of modern science with traditional superstition.

    The 69th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë

    An Autobiography

    The novel follows the life of Jane Eyre, an orphan who is mistreated by her relatives and sent to a charity school. As she grows up, Jane becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with the brooding and mysterious Mr. Rochester. However, she soon learns of a dark secret in his past that threatens their future together. The story is a profound exploration of a woman's self-discovery and her struggle for independence and love in a rigid Victorian society.

    The 24th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

    A young orphan boy, living with his cruel older sister and her kind blacksmith husband, has an encounter with an escaped convict that changes his life. Later, he becomes the protégé of a wealthy but reclusive woman and falls in love with her adopted daughter. He then learns that an anonymous benefactor has left him a fortune, leading him to believe that his benefactor is the reclusive woman and that she intends for him to marry her adopted daughter. He moves to London to become a gentleman, but his great expectations are ultimately shattered when he learns the true identity of his benefactor and the reality of his love interest.

    The 30th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

    This classic novel is a tale of love, revenge and social class set in the Yorkshire moors. It revolves around the intense, complex relationship between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, an orphan adopted by Catherine's father. Despite their deep affection for each other, Catherine marries Edgar Linton, a wealthy neighbor, leading Heathcliff to seek revenge on the two families. The story unfolds over two generations, reflecting the consequences of their choices and the destructive power of obsessive love.

    The 10th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

    Set in early 19th-century England, this classic novel revolves around the lives of the Bennet family, particularly the five unmarried daughters. The narrative explores themes of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage within the society of the landed gentry. It follows the romantic entanglements of Elizabeth Bennet, the second eldest daughter, who is intelligent, lively, and quick-witted, and her tumultuous relationship with the proud, wealthy, and seemingly aloof Mr. Darcy. Their story unfolds as they navigate societal expectations, personal misunderstandings, and their own pride and prejudice.

    The 11th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

    The novel follows the life of a handsome young man who, after having his portrait painted, is upset to realize that the painting will remain beautiful while he ages. After expressing a wish that the painting would age instead of him, he is shocked to find that his wish comes true. As he indulges in a life of hedonism and immoral acts, his portrait becomes increasingly grotesque, reflecting the damage his actions have on his soul. The story serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of vanity, selfishness, and the pursuit of pleasure without regard for consequences.

    The 95th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Silas Marner by George Eliot

    The Weaver of Raveloe

    Silas Marner, a weaver, is wrongfully accused of theft and excommunicated from his community in Lantern Yard. He moves to the village of Raveloe, where he lives as a recluse, hoarding his money. After his money is stolen, he adopts a young girl named Eppie, who was abandoned near his home. Eppie's presence transforms Silas's life, and he becomes a cherished member of the community. The novel explores themes of betrayal, redemption, and the transformative power of love.

    The 516th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Moby-Dick by Herman Melville

    or, The Whale

    The novel is a detailed narrative of a vengeful sea captain's obsessive quest to hunt down a giant white sperm whale that bit off his leg. The captain's relentless pursuit, despite the warnings and concerns of his crew, leads them on a dangerous journey across the seas. The story is a complex exploration of good and evil, obsession, and the nature of reality, filled with rich descriptions of whaling and the sea.

    The 9th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Hard Times by Charles Dickens

    For These Times

    This novel presents a social critique of industrial Victorian England through the story of the Gradgrind family. The patriarch, a staunch believer in the practicality of facts and statistics, raises his children in a sterile, emotionless environment, causing his daughter to enter a loveless marriage and his son to become a dissipated gambler. The narrative explores themes of industrialization, utilitarianism, and the dehumanizing effects of mechanization on the working class, ultimately advocating for a balanced education that includes both facts and feelings.

    The 1915th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Complete Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle

    All 4 Novels and 56 Short Stories

    This book is a comprehensive collection of all 56 short stories and four novels centered around the brilliant detective, Sherlock Holmes, and his loyal friend, Dr. John Watson. Set in late 19th and early 20th century London, the stories follow Holmes as he uses his exceptional deductive reasoning and astute observation skills to solve a variety of complex and intriguing mysteries. From murder and theft to espionage and the supernatural, no case is too challenging for this iconic detective.

    The 169th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper

    A Narrative of 1757

    Set during the French and Indian War, this historical novel follows the journey of Hawkeye, a skilled frontiersman, and his two Mohican companions as they guide two daughters of a British colonel through the dangerous wilderness of the American frontier. The group faces numerous perils and conflicts, not only from the war-torn landscape and hostile tribes, but also from a treacherous Huron scout. The novel explores themes of racial conflict, survival, and the fading of indigenous cultures.

    The 533rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Adventures of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens

    The Parish Boy's Progress

    This classic novel follows the life of a young orphan named Oliver Twist, who endures a miserable existence in a workhouse and then is placed with an undertaker. He escapes and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal, Fagin. Despite numerous adversities, Oliver remains pure at heart and is eventually saved from a life of crime, revealing his true identity and claiming his rightful inheritance.

    The 500th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Barchester Towers by Anthony Trollope

    "Barchester Towers" is a satirical novel that explores the power struggles within the church and aristocracy of a fictional English cathedral town. The story centers around an ecclesiastical power struggle following the death of the Bishop of Barchester, with the bishop's son, Archdeacon Grantly, and a newly appointed bishop, Dr. Proudie, vying for control. The novel also follows the romantic endeavors of Eleanor Bold, a young widow who becomes the object of affection for multiple suitors. The narrative is filled with political maneuvering, social intrigue, and commentary on Victorian society.

    The 542nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

    Set against the backdrop of the French Revolution, this classic novel explores themes of class struggle, sacrifice, and resurrection. The narrative follows the lives of several characters, including a dissipated English lawyer, a man who is a long-term prisoner in the Bastille, and a woman who becomes embroiled in the political turmoil of the time. The story is a riveting tale of love and sacrifice, with the infamous guillotine looming in the background, symbolizing the violence and unrest of the era.

    The 210th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Adam Bede by George Eliot

    "Adam Bede" is a 19th-century novel set in rural England that explores the themes of love, betrayal, and moral responsibility. The story revolves around a hardworking carpenter, Adam Bede, who is in love with a vain but beautiful dairymaid, Hetty Sorrel. However, Hetty is seduced by a young, thoughtless squire, Arthur Donnithorne, which leads to her becoming pregnant. When Arthur abandons her, Hetty leaves her baby in the woods, where it dies, and she is subsequently charged with infanticide. Adam, devastated by Hetty's actions, finds solace and eventually love with a devout Methodist preacher, Dinah Morris. The novel ends with Adam and Dinah marrying, finding happiness after the tragedy.

    The 514th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne

    The novel follows the journey of a wealthy Englishman who makes a high-stakes wager that he can travel around the world in eighty days. Accompanied by his loyal French valet, they encounter numerous obstacles and adventures across different cultures and landscapes, including rescuing a beautiful Indian woman from a ritual sacrifice. The book is a celebration of the technological advancements of the 19th century, with the main characters utilizing various modes of transportation such as steamships, railways, and even an elephant.

    The 842nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen

    "Northanger Abbey" is a coming-of-age novel that follows the story of Catherine Morland, a young and naive girl who is invited to stay with the wealthy Tilney family at their estate, Northanger Abbey. Catherine's imagination is fueled by her love for gothic novels, leading her to create fantastical scenarios in her mind. As she navigates the complexities of society and falls in love, Catherine learns valuable lessons about the dangers of letting her imagination run wild and the importance of distinguishing reality from fiction.

    The 776th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Kim by Rudyard Kipling

    "Kim" is a thrilling adventure set in India during the height of the British empire. The story follows the life of a young Irish orphan, Kimball O'Hara, who grows up on the streets of Lahore. Kim's life takes a dramatic turn when he becomes involved in the 'Great Game', the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia. Guided by an old Tibetan Lama on a spiritual quest, Kim is recruited by the British secret service and sent on a dangerous mission across the Himalayas. The novel explores themes of identity, imperialism, and East vs. West.

    The 285th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

    Tom Sawyer's Comrade

    The novel follows the journey of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn and a runaway slave named Jim as they travel down the Mississippi River on a raft. Set in the American South before the Civil War, the story explores themes of friendship, freedom, and the hypocrisy of society. Through various adventures and encounters with a host of colorful characters, Huck grapples with his personal values, often clashing with the societal norms of the time.

    The 32nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad

    A Simple Tale

    "The Secret Agent" is a dark political satire set in London in the late 19th century, revolving around a secret agent who is also a shopkeeper, his anarchist friends, and his family. The story unfolds as the agent is coerced by his foreign employers to orchestrate a bombing in a bid to provoke a political response, but the plan goes disastrously wrong, leading to tragic consequences and a deep exploration of themes such as anarchism, espionage, terrorism, and betrayal.

    The 417th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Man In The Iron Mask by Alexandre Dumas

    This classic novel concludes the adventures of the Musketeers, as they discover a secret that could destabilize the very foundations of France. The story revolves around the mysterious prisoner known only as the Man in the Iron Mask, whose face is hidden from the world. As the Musketeers unravel the layers of intrigue, they find themselves caught in a web of betrayal, political machinations, and a moral dilemma that tests their loyalty to the crown. Their journey is fraught with challenges as they confront their greatest adversary yet, in a tale that blends action, loyalty, and the quest for justice.

    The 5005th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins

    A captivating tale of mystery and suspense, "The Woman in White" follows the story of a young art teacher, Walter Hartright, who encounters a mysterious woman dressed in white on a moonlit road. The woman is revealed to be a mental asylum escapee, and as Hartright delves into her story, he uncovers a web of deceit, madness, and dangerous secrets involving a wealthy, titled family. The narrative explores themes of identity, insanity, and the abuse of power, with a complex plot filled with twists and turns.

    The 138th Greatest Book of All Time
  • War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy

    Set in the backdrop of the Napoleonic era, the novel presents a panorama of Russian society and its descent into the chaos of war. It follows the interconnected lives of five aristocratic families, their struggles, romances, and personal journeys through the tumultuous period of history. The narrative explores themes of love, war, and the meaning of life, as it weaves together historical events with the personal stories of its characters.

    The 15th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Trumpet Major by Thomas Hardy

    A Tale

    Set against the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars, the story unfolds in a rural English village where the lives of three men intertwine as they vie for the affection of Anne Garland. The narrative explores themes of love, loyalty, and the impact of war on personal lives, as Anne navigates her feelings for the earnest trumpet major, John Loveday, his charming but unreliable brother, Bob, and the wealthy but unscrupulous Festus Derriman. Through a blend of romance and historical context, the tale captures the complexities of human emotions and the societal changes brought about by the looming threat of invasion.

    The 6498th Greatest Book of All Time
About this list

The Guardian, 25 Books

An article from The Guardian newspaper from 2000 that lists the top 25 pre-20th century classics.

This article by John Ezard explains what makes a book a classic and how classics are defined by enduring appeal and relevance to the human experience. Classics stay in print for a long time, are discussed in schools and colleges, and capture timeless themes that resonate across generations. The text emphasizes that a classic continues to speak to readers as they mature, providing deeper understanding with age and experience. It excites, diverts, and expands the reader's mind, touching on the most intimate aspects of life, like relationships and love, in ways that feel relevant to different readers at different stages of life.

The list of 25 pre-20th century classics at the bottom was compiled by The Guardian, drawing from popular consensus and timeless relevance. The article mentions that such lists are rare, since they require deep analysis of book markets and literature. It also notes the role of new adaptations (like film and TV) in keeping certain books in the cultural spotlight. However, these titles are considered classics because they capture universal human truths, making them endure beyond any momentary trends. The list was not solely based on bestseller status or immediate popularity, but on the long-term impact and sustained relevance of the works.

This list was originally published in 2000 and was added to this site 2 months ago.

How Good is this List?

This list has a weight of 20%. To learn more about what this means please visit the Rankings page.

Here is a list of what is decreasing the importance of this list:

  • List: criteria is not just "best/favorite"
  • List: only covers mostly "Western Canon" books
  • Voters: specific voter details are lacking
  • Voters: are mostly from a single country/location

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