Books that Shaped the Century
This is one of the 401 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.
-
Lord Jim by Joseph Conrad
A Tale
The novel revolves around a young, idealistic British seaman, who commits a crime of cowardice at sea. He abandons his ship, leaving hundreds of passengers to their fate. He is publicly censured for this act and spends the rest of his life in shameful obscurity in the South Seas, trying to repress the guilt of his past and regain his lost honor. His quest for redemption leads him to a remote island where he gets a chance to prove his courage, but his tragic flaw ultimately leads to his downfall.
The 135th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud
The Complete and Definitive Text
This groundbreaking work explores the theory that dreams are a reflection of the unconscious mind and a means of understanding our deepest desires, anxieties, and fantasies. The book delves into the symbolism of dreams and their connection to repressed thoughts and experiences, proposing that they are a form of wish fulfillment. The author also introduces the concept of "dream work," which transforms these unconscious thoughts into the content of dreams, and discusses various methods of dream interpretation.
The 143rd Greatest Book of All Time -
Three Sisters by Anton Chekhov
"Three Sisters" is a play that revolves around the lives of three sisters, Olga, Masha, and Irina, who live in a provincial Russian town and yearn for their former life in Moscow. The story explores their relationships, dreams, and disappointments, as well as their interactions with the military officers stationed nearby. The narrative is a poignant exploration of love, loss, and the relentless passage of time, highlighting the human struggle for meaning and happiness.
The 561st Greatest Book of All Time -
What Is To Be Done? by Vladimir Il’ich Lenin
Burning Questions of Our Movement
The book is a seminal work in which the author outlines his vision for a revolutionary socialist movement, emphasizing the need for a highly disciplined and centralized party to lead the proletariat in overthrowing the bourgeoisie. He critiques the existing socialist movements of his time for their lack of organization and theoretical clarity, advocating for a vanguard party composed of professional revolutionaries who can guide the working class toward achieving a socialist state. The work underscores the importance of political consciousness and strategic planning in the struggle for social and economic transformation.
The 2633rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame
"The Wind in the Willows" is a charming tale about the adventures of four anthropomorphic animal friends - Mole, Rat, Badger, and the rebellious and extravagant Toad. The story is set in the idyllic English countryside and explores themes of friendship, exploration, and respect for nature. The narrative is marked by Toad's reckless behavior, his obsession with motor cars, and his eventual redemption. The other characters, with their contrasting personalities, bring balance and depth to the story.
The 101st Greatest Book of All Time -
Treatise on Radioactivity by Marie Curie
This scientific work delves into the groundbreaking research on radioactivity, including the discovery and study of radium and polonium, by a pioneering female scientist. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties and effects of radioactive substances, as well as their potential applications. It is a seminal work in the field of nuclear physics and chemistry, laying the foundation for future research and advancements in the field.
The 1340th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Principles Of Scientific Management by Frederick Winslow Taylor
The book outlines the theory and practice of scientific management, emphasizing the importance of efficiency and productivity in the workplace. It advocates for systematic study of tasks and worker performance to identify the best methods for job execution. The author argues that management should take on more responsibility for planning and training, while workers should focus on executing tasks using scientifically developed techniques. The goal is to optimize labor productivity by standardizing work processes, improving worker skills, and fostering cooperation between management and employees.
The 3922nd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell
Mathematical Logic
The Principia Mathematica is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics, written with the goal of deriving all mathematical truths from a well-defined set of axioms and inference rules in symbolic logic. The authors aim to show that mathematics is a development of logic and avoid any hidden assumptions. The work covers topics like class theory, relation theory, and quantity theory, and it is known for its rigorous and meticulous approach.
The 1245th Greatest Book of All Time -
Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence
"Sons and Lovers" is a semi-autobiographical novel that explores the complex relationships between a miner's wife, her husband, and their two sons. The story focuses on the intense emotional and psychological bonds between the mother and her sons, as well as the struggles they face in their romantic relationships due to their deep attachment to their mother. The novel delves into themes of class, love, sexuality, and the oedipal complex, presenting a vivid picture of working-class life in early 20th century England.
The 154th Greatest Book of All Time -
Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence
"Lady Chatterley's Lover" is a controversial novel that explores themes of class, sexuality, and the human condition. The story revolves around a young, upper-class woman married to a paralyzed war veteran who, feeling emotionally and physically neglected, embarks on a passionate affair with the estate's gamekeeper. The narrative delves into the protagonist's sexual awakening and her struggle against societal norms, ultimately advocating for emotional honesty and physical intimacy as essential components of a fulfilling life.
The 141st Greatest Book of All Time -
Relativity by Albert Einstein
The Special and the General Theory
This book is a comprehensive introduction to the theory of relativity written by the physicist who developed the theory. It covers both the special and general theories of relativity and provides an accessible explanation of the physics involved, including the nature of light, time, and gravity. The book also discusses the philosophical implications of relativity and its impact on our understanding of reality. Written for a general audience, it aims to make complex scientific concepts understandable to non-experts.
The 326th Greatest Book of All Time -
Married Love by Marie Stopes
A New Contribution to the Solution of Sex Difficulties
The book is a pioneering work on birth control and sexual health, offering practical advice and advocating for women's reproductive rights and sexual satisfaction within marriage. It addresses the importance of mutual respect, emotional connection, and communication between partners, while also providing detailed information on contraception methods and family planning. The author emphasizes the significance of sexual harmony and the role it plays in a successful and fulfilling marital relationship.
The 3922nd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
and Other Writings
This book is a sociological study that explores the relationship between the ethics of ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of the spirit of modern capitalism. The author argues that the religious ideas of groups such as the Calvinists played a role in creating the capitalistic spirit. The work is noted for its rigorous methodology and its contribution to the broader understanding of the origins and development of capitalism. It has been widely influential across social sciences, especially in sociology and economics.
The 803rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Good Soldier Svejk by Jaroslav Hašek
and His Fortunes in the World War
"The Good Soldier Svejk" is a satirical novel set during World War I, following the story of a Czech soldier in the Austro-Hungarian army. Svejk, the protagonist, is a simple-minded, good-natured man who is frequently arrested for bungling jobs due to his apparent idiocy. Despite his constant run-ins with authority, Svejk manages to maintain his cheerful disposition and even takes advantage of his perceived stupidity to manipulate the system. The book offers a humorous and critical perspective on the absurdity of war and the incompetence of military bureaucracy.
The 194th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot
"The Waste Land" is a long poem that presents a bleak and despairing view of the world following the devastation of World War I. The poem is divided into five parts and uses a wide range of literary and cultural references, as well as multiple narrators, to depict a world in ruins. It explores themes of disillusionment, despair, and the decline of civilization, and is often considered a seminal work of modernist literature.
The 176th Greatest Book of All Time -
Ulysses by James Joyce
Set in Dublin, the novel follows a day in the life of Leopold Bloom, an advertising salesman, as he navigates the city. The narrative, heavily influenced by Homer's Odyssey, explores themes of identity, heroism, and the complexities of everyday life. It is renowned for its stream-of-consciousness style and complex structure, making it a challenging but rewarding read.
The 2nd Greatest Book of All Time -
Towards A New Architecture by Le Corbusier
Vers une architecture
In "Towards a New Architecture," the author advocates for a radical shift in the approach to architectural design, emphasizing the importance of function and utility over ornamental aesthetics. He argues that architecture should be as efficient and simple as the engineering of automobiles and airplanes, promoting the use of modern materials like steel and concrete to create standardized, cost-effective, and functional buildings. The book is influential in the development of modernist architecture, presenting principles such as the use of geometric forms and the pilotis, which elevate buildings on reinforced concrete stilts, allowing for an open floor plan and unobstructed views.
The 2316th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann
In this novel, the protagonist, a young, ordinary man, visits his cousin at a tuberculosis sanatorium in the Swiss Alps. Intending to stay for only a few weeks, he ends up remaining there for seven years, becoming a patient himself. The book explores his experiences and relationships with other patients and staff, delving into philosophical discussions on life, time, and the nature of disease. It also provides a vivid portrayal of the European society and intellectual life on the eve of World War I.
The 34th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Set in the summer of 1922, the novel follows the life of a young and mysterious millionaire, his extravagant lifestyle in Long Island, and his obsessive love for a beautiful former debutante. As the story unfolds, the millionaire's dark secrets and the corrupt reality of the American dream during the Jazz Age are revealed. The narrative is a critique of the hedonistic excess and moral decay of the era, ultimately leading to tragic consequences.
The Greatest Book of All Time -
The Castle by Franz Kafka
This novel presents the story of a man who arrives in a village and struggles to gain access to the mysterious authorities who govern it from a castle. The protagonist, a surveyor, faces the constant frustration of his efforts to make contact with the elusive authorities and integrate into village society. The book explores themes of alienation, bureaucracy, the seemingly endless frustrations of man's attempts to stand against the system, and the futile pursuit of an unobtainable goal.
The 89th Greatest Book of All Time -
Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler
A Reckoning
This book is a two-volume work written by a prominent dictator during his imprisonment in 1924. It outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of his views on race, nationality, and governance. The author's main thesis is that the German-speaking 'Aryan' race is superior to all others, and that it is the duty of the state to preserve the purity of this race through policies of racial segregation, expansionism, and extermination. The book also contains detailed discussions on the author's hatred towards Jews, Marxism, and the parliamentary system.
The 709th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Seven Pillars of Wisdom by T. E. Lawrence
A Triumph
"The Seven Pillars of Wisdom" is an autobiographical account of the experiences of a British soldier serving in the Middle East during World War I. The narrative offers an insider's perspective of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, detailing the author's role in the guerrilla warfare, his interactions with various tribal leaders, and his deep understanding and appreciation of the Arabic culture. The book is also known for its philosophical reflections on war, politics, and the author's personal struggles.
The 688th Greatest Book of All Time -
Winnie the Pooh by A. A. Milne
The Complete Tales of Winnie-the-Pooh
This classic children's tale follows the charming adventures of a lovable, honey-loving bear named Winnie the Pooh and his friends in the Hundred Acre Wood. With his companions, including the timid Piglet, the gloomy Eeyore, the energetic Tigger, and the wise Owl, Pooh navigates through various situations and dilemmas, often with humorous and heartwarming results. The book is a celebration of friendship, imagination, and the simple joys of life.
The 149th Greatest Book of All Time -
In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust
This renowned novel is a sweeping exploration of memory, love, art, and the passage of time, told through the narrator's recollections of his childhood and experiences into adulthood in the late 19th and early 20th century aristocratic France. The narrative is notable for its lengthy and intricate involuntary memory episodes, the most famous being the "madeleine episode". It explores the themes of time, space and memory, but also raises questions about the nature of art and literature, and the complex relationships between love, sexuality, and possession.
The 3rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Story Of My Experiments With Truth by Mahatma Gandhi
This book is an autobiography that details the personal journey of a prominent leader who played a key role in India's struggle for independence from British rule. It explores his philosophy of nonviolent resistance and truth, which he refers to as "Satyagraha," and traces his development from a young, unsure boy into a principled activist committed to social justice. The narrative delves into his experiments with diet, celibacy, and other personal challenges, reflecting his quest for self-improvement and moral integrity, which he believed were essential for political leadership and social reform.
The 1162nd Greatest Book of All Time -
To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
This novel is a pioneering work of modernist literature that explores the Ramsay family's experiences at their summer home on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. The narrative is divided into three sections, focusing on a day in the family's life, a description of the house during their absence, and their return after ten years. The book is known for its stream of consciousness narrative technique and its exploration of topics such as the passage of time, the nature of art, and the female experience.
The 25th Greatest Book of All Time -
Studies in the Psychology of Sex by Havelock Ellis
Sexual Inversion
This book explores the psychology of sex, delving into a wide range of subjects including sexual inversion, erotic symbolism, sexual impulse in women, and the sexual impulse in men. It also covers the analysis of the sexual instinct, its development in childhood and adolescence, and its manifestations in adulthood. The author uses a scientific approach, drawing on extensive research and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. It's considered a pioneering work in the field of sexology.
The 1341st Greatest Book of All Time -
Coming of Age in Samoa by Margaret Mead
A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization
"Coming of Age in Samoa" is a groundbreaking anthropological study that explores adolescence, sexuality, and social norms in Samoan society. The author lived among the Samoans in the 1920s, observing and recording their way of life, particularly focusing on the experiences of teenage girls. The book challenges Western views on sexual morality and the nature versus nurture debate, suggesting that culture plays a significant role in adolescent development and behavior. The author's observations indicate that Samoan teenagers face less stress and confusion than their American counterparts, largely due to their society's relaxed attitudes towards sex and clear societal roles.
The 989th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
The novel is a complex exploration of the tragic Compson family from the American South. Told from four distinct perspectives, the story unfolds through stream of consciousness narratives, each revealing their own understanding of the family's decline. The characters grapple with post-Civil War societal changes, personal loss, and their own mental instability. The narrative is marked by themes of time, innocence, and the burdens of the past.
The 18th Greatest Book of All Time -
A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway
Set during World War I, the novel follows an American ambulance driver in the Italian army and his love affair with a British nurse. The story is a first-person account of the protagonist's experiences in war and his struggle to survive amidst chaos and destruction. The narrative explores themes of love, war, and the fragility of life, culminating in a tragic ending that underscores the futile nature of war and the inevitable suffering it brings.
The 128th Greatest Book of All Time -
For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway
Set in the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War, the novel follows the story of an American dynamiter, who is assigned the task of blowing up a bridge during a crucial attack on the city of Segovia. Alongside the war narrative, the story also explores his relationships with various characters, including his love affair with a young Spanish woman. The narrative beautifully encapsulates themes of love, war, death, and the transient nature of life.
The 104th Greatest Book of All Time -
All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque
The novel tells the story of a young German soldier, Paul Bäumer, and his experiences during World War I. The narrative explores the physical and emotional toll of war, the camaraderie between soldiers, and the disillusionment of a generation thrown into a brutal conflict. The protagonist and his friends grapple with survival, fear, and the loss of innocence, providing a stark and poignant critique of the futility and destructiveness of war.
The 75th Greatest Book of All Time -
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
Set in a dystopian future, the novel explores a society where human beings are genetically bred and pharmaceutically conditioned to serve in a ruling order. The society is divided into five castes, each with its specific roles. The narrative follows a savage who rejects the norms of this new world order and struggles to navigate the clash between the values of his upbringing and the reality of this technologically advanced, emotionless society. His resistance prompts a deep examination of the nature of freedom, individuality, and happiness.
The 52nd Greatest Book of All Time -
Man's Fate by Andre Malraux
Set in 1920s Shanghai during a time of political upheaval, the novel explores the existential themes of life, death, and the human condition through the experiences of a group of revolutionaries. The narrative follows their struggles and sacrifices for their cause, the Communist revolution, and their inevitable confrontation with their own mortality and the harsh realities of life. The book delves into the complexities of political ideologies, human relationships and the constant struggle between hope and despair.
The 203rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes
This influential economic treatise presents a groundbreaking theory that challenges classical economics, asserting that aggregate demand, driven by public and private sector spending, is the primary factor influencing economic activity and employment levels. The book also introduces the concept of fiscal and monetary policies as tools to manage economic downturns, thus shaping the foundation of modern macroeconomics. It further critiques the idea that market economies would automatically provide full employment and argues for active government intervention to prevent economic recessions and depressions.
The 289th Greatest Book of All Time -
How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie
The Only Book You Need to Lead You to Success
This iconic self-help book provides practical advice and techniques for mastering interpersonal skills and improving communication. It emphasizes the importance of understanding others' perspectives, showing genuine interest in people, and making others feel important. The book offers strategies for handling people without arousing resentment, encouraging others to share their ideas, and changing people's behavior without causing offense or arousing resentment. It also provides tips on how to make a good first impression, become a good conversationalist, and inspire enthusiasm among associates.
The 773rd Greatest Book of All Time -
Nausea by Jean Paul Sartre
The novel follows a historian living in a small French town, struggling with a strange and unsettling feeling of disgust and revulsion he calls 'nausea'. He grapples with the existential dread of his own existence and the meaningless of life, continually questioning his own perceptions and the nature of reality. As he navigates through his everyday life, he is plagued by his philosophical thoughts and the overwhelming sensation of nausea, leading him to a profound existential crisis.
The 257th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
The book follows the Joad family, Oklahoma farmers displaced from their land during the Great Depression. The family, alongside thousands of other "Okies," travel to California in search of work and a better life. Throughout their journey, they face numerous hardships and injustices, yet maintain their humanity through unity and shared sacrifice. The narrative explores themes of man's inhumanity to man, the dignity of wrath, and the power of family and friendship, offering a stark and moving portrayal of the harsh realities of American migrant laborers during the 1930s.
The 21st Greatest Book of All Time -
The Power and the Glory by Graham Greene
The novel is set during the Mexican Revolution, focusing on a whisky priest who is on the run from the authorities who have outlawed Catholicism. The priest, who is flawed and sinful, travels across the country to evade capture, minister to the faithful, and find a way to repent for his sins. Despite his moral failings, the priest's compassion and commitment to his faith make him a symbol of hope and resilience in the face of oppression. The book explores themes of faith, redemption, and the human struggle with sin.
The 341st Greatest Book of All Time -
Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler
"Darkness at Noon" is a novel set during the Stalinist purges in Russia in the 1930s. The story follows an old Bolshevik, who is imprisoned and psychologically tortured by the government he helped create. As he reflects on his life and the choices he made, he grapples with the betrayal of his revolutionary ideals and the corruption of the Soviet regime. The narrative provides a profound exploration of the moral danger inherent in a system that is willing to sacrifice the individual for the supposed collective good.
The 218th Greatest Book of All Time -
Native Son by Richard Wright
This novel tells the story of Bigger Thomas, a young African-American man living in Chicago's South Side during the 1930s. Bigger's life takes a tragic turn when he accidentally kills a young white woman. The incident leads to his arrest and trial, revealing the deep-seated racial prejudices and injustices prevalent in American society at the time. The narrative explores themes of poverty, systemic racism, fear, and the effects of oppression.
The 93rd Greatest Book of All Time -
Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht
A Chronicle of the Thirty Years' War
Set against the backdrop of the Thirty Years' War, the book tells the story of a canteen woman, Mother Courage, who pulls her cart with her three children across war-torn Europe. It explores her struggles and survival tactics as she tries to profit from the war while keeping her children safe. The narrative is a profound critique of war and its consequences, highlighting the human cost of conflict and the often futile search for prosperity and security in a chaotic world.
The 3734th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Managerial Revolution by James Burnham
What is Happening in the World
The book in question presents a theory about the transformation of capitalism into a new socioeconomic order. The author argues that traditional capitalism, characterized by private property and a class of owners who control production, is being replaced by a managerial society. In this emerging system, control over the economy shifts from the hands of private owners to a new class of professional managers and technocrats. These managers run the operations of large-scale production and organizations, effectively becoming the ruling class. The author suggests that this change is inevitable and is driven by the complexities of modern industrial technology and the need for specialized knowledge in economic management. The book explores the implications of this shift for the future of economic and political structures on a global scale.
The 1843rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Stranger by Albert Camus
The narrative follows a man who, after the death of his mother, falls into a routine of indifference and emotional detachment, leading him to commit an act of violence on a sun-drenched beach. His subsequent trial becomes less about the act itself and more about his inability to conform to societal norms and expectations, ultimately exploring themes of existentialism, absurdism, and the human condition.
The 17th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Plague by Albert Camus
The novel is set in the Algerian city of Oran during the 1940s, where a deadly plague sweeps through, causing the city to be quarantined. The story is told through the eyes of a doctor who witnesses the horror and suffering caused by the disease. The narrative explores themes of human resilience, solidarity, and the struggle against the absurdities of life. It also examines how individuals and society respond to death and disease, creating a profound meditation on the nature of existence and human endurance.
The 122nd Greatest Book of All Time -
Existentialism And Humanism by Jean Paul Sartre
The book is a philosophical work that presents the core tenets of existentialist thought, emphasizing the individual's unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of their choices and actions. It argues that human existence precedes essence, meaning that people first exist without predetermined purpose and must then define themselves through their decisions and commitments. The text also addresses the implications of this freedom, including the weight of responsibility it places on individuals and the consequent anxiety, as well as the absence of a universal moral code. It concludes with a discussion on the role of human solidarity and the ethical considerations that arise from our interconnectedness with others.
The 1853rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Road to Serfdom by Friedrich von Hayek
Text and Documents
"The Road to Serfdom" is a classic work of political philosophy and economics that argues against the concept of socialism and centralized economic planning. The author asserts that such systems inevitably lead to totalitarianism, infringing upon individual liberties and stifling innovation. The book further posits that only through free-market capitalism can societies maintain political and economic freedom. The author also explores the dangers of government control over means of production, illustrating that it leads to a loss of personal freedoms and the rise of dictatorial regimes.
The 646th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Open Society and Its Enemies by Karl Popper
The book critically examines the philosophical underpinnings of totalitarianism and argues in favor of liberal democracy and open societies. It explores how certain philosophical ideas, particularly those of Plato, Hegel, and Marx, have contributed to the development of authoritarian regimes by promoting historicism and determinism. The author advocates for a society that embraces critical thinking, individual freedom, and the ability to adapt and change through democratic processes. By emphasizing the importance of critical rationalism, the book underscores the dangers of dogmatic thinking and the need for societies to remain open to reform and innovation.
The 467th Greatest Book of All Time -
Animal Farm by George Orwell
A Fairy Story
"Animal Farm" is a satirical fable set on a farm where the animals revolt, overthrow their human farmer, and take over the running of the farm for themselves. The story is an allegory of the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalin, and the tale is told by the animals that inhabit the farm, primarily pigs who become the ruling class. Despite their initial attempts at creating an equal society, corruption and power ultimately lead to a regime as oppressive as the one they overthrew.
The 64th Greatest Book of All Time -
Baby And Child Care by Benjamin Spock
A Handbook for Parents of the Developing Child from Birth through Adolescence
The book in question revolutionized child-rearing approaches by advocating for a more compassionate and flexible parenting style. It provides comprehensive guidance on various aspects of childcare, from feeding and sleeping to behavioral and developmental issues, emphasizing the importance of understanding and responding to each child's individual needs. The author encourages parents to trust their instincts and to treat their children with respect and affection, challenging the more rigid and authoritarian parenting norms of the time. The book's accessible advice and empathetic tone have made it a longstanding go-to resource for generations of parents seeking to raise their children with confidence and love.
The 440th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
This book is a real-life account of a young Jewish girl hiding from the Nazis during World War II, written in diary format. The girl and her family are forced to live in a secret annex in Amsterdam for two years, during which she writes about her experiences, fears, dreams, and the onset of adolescence. The diary provides a poignant and deeply personal insight into the horrors of the Holocaust, making it a powerful testament to the human spirit.
The 49th Greatest Book of All Time -
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male by Alfred C. Kinsey
The Kinsey Reports
This book is a groundbreaking scientific study that provides an in-depth analysis of human male sexual behavior. It presents a comprehensive survey of male sexual activities and preferences, based on thousands of interviews and case studies. The book challenges many societal norms and taboos of its time by revealing the diversity and complexity of male sexual practices. It also explores the psychological, social, and biological factors that influence male sexuality.
The 651st Greatest Book of All Time -
Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton
"Cry, the Beloved Country" is a novel about a black Anglican priest from South Africa's rural Natal region who embarks on a journey to Johannesburg in search of his sister and son. The priest grapples with the racial injustice and social inequality of apartheid-era South Africa, while his son becomes involved in political activism and is wrongfully accused of a crime. The novel explores themes of love, fear, and social justice, while highlighting the destructive effects of apartheid on the human spirit and the South African landscape.
The 260th Greatest Book of All Time -
Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener
or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
"Cybernetics" is a groundbreaking work that explores the complex relationship between humans and machines. The book delves into the field of cybernetics, a term coined by the author, which refers to the study of systems and processes that exist in mechanical, biological, and electronic domains. The author discusses the potential of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and computer technology, predicting their profound impact on society, economy, and human behavior. The book also highlights the ethical implications of these technological advancements.
The 1628th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
This influential work explores the treatment and perception of women throughout history, arguing that women have been repressed and defined only in relation to men. The author presents a detailed analysis of women's roles in society, family, work, and in the creation of their own identities. She discusses the concept of 'the other' and how this has been used to suppress women, while also examining the biological, psychological, and societal impacts of this oppression. The book is a seminal text in feminist theory, challenging traditional notions of femininity and calling for equality and freedom for women.
The 110th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Story of Art by Ernest H. Gombrich
"The Story of Art" is a comprehensive guide to the history of art, covering a vast span of time from prehistoric art to contemporary movements. The book provides insights into the cultural, historical, and social contexts that have influenced the creation of art throughout various periods. It offers detailed analysis of major works and styles, and discusses the techniques used by artists from different eras. It is not only an exploration of the evolution of art but also an attempt to understand the motivations and inspirations of the artists behind the works.
The 681st Greatest Book of All Time -
Human Action by Ludwig von Mises
A Treatise on Economics
The book is a comprehensive treatise on economics, presenting the case for a free-market economy based on the principles of praxeology, the study of human action. It argues that individual choices and actions, driven by subjective values and preferences, are the fundamental building blocks of economic phenomena. The author critiques central planning and socialism, asserting that only a system of voluntary exchanges in a free market can efficiently allocate resources and foster human prosperity. The work emphasizes the importance of understanding economic laws and the unintended consequences of government intervention.
The 3922nd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights by United Nations
The book outlines a set of fundamental rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled, regardless of nationality, race, religion, or any other status. It emphasizes the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. The declaration includes articles that cover a wide range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, advocating for universal respect and observance of these rights and freedoms.
The 3922nd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger
The novel follows the story of a teenager named Holden Caulfield, who has just been expelled from his prep school. The narrative unfolds over the course of three days, during which Holden experiences various forms of alienation and his mental state continues to unravel. He criticizes the adult world as "phony" and struggles with his own transition into adulthood. The book is a profound exploration of teenage rebellion, alienation, and the loss of innocence.
The 5th Greatest Book of All Time -
Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
"Waiting for Godot" is a play that explores themes of existentialism, despair, and the human condition through the story of two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, who wait endlessly for a man named Godot, who never arrives. While they wait, they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters. The play is characterized by its minimalistic setting and lack of a traditional plot, leaving much to interpretation.
The 118th Greatest Book of All Time -
Philosophical Investigations by Ludwig Wittgenstein
The German text, with a revised English translation
This book is a seminal work in 20th-century philosophy, presenting a detailed critique of the notion that our language directly corresponds to reality. The author argues that the meaning of words is not inherent, but rather derives from their use within specific forms of life. The book also introduces the concept of language games, suggesting that our understanding of language is akin to learning the rules of a game. The author further explores the limits of language, the nature of understanding, and the relationship between public and private language.
The 495th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Second World War by Winston Churchill
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Second World War from the perspective of one of its most influential leaders. It covers the entire span of the war, from its origins in the political and economic turmoil of the 1930s, to the major battles and strategic decisions that shaped its course, to its aftermath and impact on the world. The author's unique perspective and firsthand experience, combined with his eloquent and insightful writing, make this a definitive account of one of the most important events in modern history.
The 375th Greatest Book of All Time -
Lord of the Flies by William Golding
A group of British boys are stranded on an uninhabited island after their plane crashes during wartime. Initially, they attempt to establish order, creating rules and electing a leader. However, as time passes, their civility erodes, and they descend into savagery and chaos. The struggle for power intensifies, leading to violence and death. The novel explores themes of innocence, the inherent evil in mankind, and the thin veneer of civilization.
The 71st Greatest Book of All Time -
Quotations from Chairman Mao by Mao
The Little Red Book
This book is a collection of speeches and writings by the former leader of the People's Republic of China. It covers a wide range of topics including communism, revolution, class struggle, and the correct handling of contradictions among the people. The book was published with the intention of promoting the leader's ideology and was widely distributed during the Cultural Revolution. It was considered an essential guide to life and politics in China during this period.
The 807th Greatest Book of All Time -
Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas
A Play for Voices
This lyrical work is a captivating "play for voices" that paints a vivid picture of a day in the life of the small Welsh fishing village of Llareggub. Through a series of poetic vignettes, the narrative delves into the dreams, secrets, and innermost thoughts of the eccentric townsfolk. From the blind sea captain dreaming of his lost love to the bickering spouses and the whispers of scandal, the play weaves a rich tapestry of life and death, love and loneliness. Its unique structure and beautiful, evocative language celebrate the mundane and the extraordinary in everyday life, showcasing the playwright's masterful use of language and deep understanding of human nature.
The 3889th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Savage Mind by Claude Lévi-Strauss
This book is a seminal work in the field of anthropology that explores the structures of human thought across cultures, arguing against the notion of "primitive" minds in traditional societies. The author posits that so-called "savage" or "primitive" thinking is not inferior to "civilized" thought but is, in fact, an equally complex and systematic way of understanding the world. Through a detailed analysis of totemism, myths, and rituals, the work demonstrates how indigenous and non-Western peoples categorize and make sense of their experiences with the same intellectual rigor as those in modern societies, challenging ethnocentric views of human intellectual capabilities and contributing to the broader understanding of human cognition.
The 2320th Greatest Book of All Time -
Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov
or, The Confession of a White Widowed Male
The novel tells the story of Humbert Humbert, a man with a disturbing obsession for young girls, or "nymphets" as he calls them. His obsession leads him to engage in a manipulative and destructive relationship with his 12-year-old stepdaughter, Lolita. The narrative is a controversial exploration of manipulation, obsession, and unreliable narration, as Humbert attempts to justify his actions and feelings throughout the story.
The 6th Greatest Book of All Time -
Long Day's Journey Into Night by Eugene O'Neill
"Long Day's Journey Into Night" is a semi-autobiographical play that explores the complex dynamics of a family tormented by addiction and regret. The narrative follows the Tyrone family, composed of two parents and their two adult sons, over the course of a single day. As the day progresses, the family members engage in soul-baring conversations that reveal their individual struggles with alcohol and drug addiction, their deep-seated resentments, and the love that binds them together despite their flaws. The play is a poignant examination of the human condition, familial bonds, and the destructive power of addiction.
The 929th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien
The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, The Return of the King
This epic high-fantasy novel centers around a modest hobbit who is entrusted with the task of destroying a powerful ring that could enable the dark lord to conquer the world. Accompanied by a diverse group of companions, the hobbit embarks on a perilous journey across Middle-earth, battling evil forces and facing numerous challenges. The narrative, rich in mythology and complex themes of good versus evil, friendship, and heroism, has had a profound influence on the fantasy genre.
The 16th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Uses of Literacy by Richard Hoggart
Aspects of Working-Class Life
"The Uses of Literacy" is a sociological study that explores the impact of mass media and popular culture on traditional working-class values and communities in Britain during the mid-20th century. The author combines personal memoir with scholarly analysis to examine how the spread of American consumer culture and the rise of mass media have influenced British society, especially among the working class. The book serves as a critique of the commercialization of culture and the erosion of authentic, local cultures and traditions.
The 1731st Greatest Book of All Time -
On the Road by Jack Kerouac
This novel follows the story of a young man and his friend as they embark on a series of cross-country road trips across America during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The protagonist, driven by a desire for freedom and a quest for identity, encounters a series of eccentric characters and experiences the highs and lows of the Beat Generation. The narrative is a testament to the restlessness of youth and the allure of adventure, underscored by themes of jazz, poetry, and drug use.
The 43rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Hidden Persuaders by Vance Packard
The Classic Study of the Techniques of Mass Persuasion Through Advertising
The book delves into the world of consumer psychology and the manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers to influence public behavior and decision-making. It uncovers the various strategies employed to tap into the subconscious desires and emotions of consumers, revealing how these tactics shape purchasing habits and societal trends. Through a critical examination of the advertising industry's practices, the book raises important ethical questions about the power and impact of persuasive communication in modern society.
The 3351st Greatest Book of All Time -
Parkinson's Law by C. Northcote Parkinson
The Pursuit of Progress
The book humorously explores the concept that work expands to fill the time available for its completion, illustrating this principle through a series of satirical essays on organizational inefficiency and bureaucratic growth. It delves into the dynamics of administrative systems, highlighting how tasks and responsibilities often become more complex and time-consuming than necessary. Through witty observations and real-world examples, the book offers a critical yet entertaining look at the nature of work and the often absurd tendencies of bureaucratic institutions.
The 3922nd Greatest Book of All Time -
Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak
Set against the tumultuous backdrop of the Russian Revolution, the book follows the life of a physician and poet, Yuri Zhivago, as he navigates the political and social upheaval of the early 20th century. Torn between his love for two women, his wife Tonya and his passionate mistress Lara, Zhivago's personal struggles mirror the larger societal changes occurring around him. The novel explores themes of love, war, and the human spirit, offering a poignant and complex portrait of life during a time of revolutionary change.
The 134th Greatest Book of All Time -
Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
This novel explores the life of Okonkwo, a respected warrior in the Umuofia clan of the Igbo tribe in Nigeria during the late 1800s. Okonkwo's world is disrupted by the arrival of European missionaries and the subsequent clash of cultures. The story examines the effects of colonialism on African societies, the clash between tradition and change, and the struggle between individual and society. Despite his efforts to resist the changes, Okonkwo's life, like his society, falls apart.
The 44th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith
"The Affluent Society" is a socio-economic critique that challenges the conventional wisdom of the time that economic growth leads to public wealth. The author argues that in reality, the increasing wealth of the United States has led to greater private affluence but public squalor due to inadequate investment in public goods and services. He proposes that society should strive for sustainable development rather than unlimited material advancement. The book has been influential in economic thought, particularly in the areas of public policy and consumer behavior.
The 396th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Tin Drum by Günter Grass
The novel tells the story of Oskar Matzerath, a boy who decides on his third birthday that he will stop growing and remain a three-year-old forever. Oskar is gifted with a tin drum by his mother, which he uses to express his emotions and thoughts. Living in Danzig during the rise of Nazi Germany, Oskar's refusal to grow is a form of protest against the adult world. The book is a blend of magical realism and historical fiction, providing a unique perspective on the horrors of World War II and the post-war era in Germany.
The 96th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Two Cultures And The Scientific Revolution by C. P. Snow
The Rede Lecture, 1959
The book in question presents an influential argument about the widening gulf between two fundamental areas of modern society: the sciences and the humanities. The author, a scientist and novelist, asserts that the lack of communication and understanding between these "two cultures" hinders solutions to global problems and stifles intellectual progress. He advocates for a more integrated approach to education and intellectual life, where mutual understanding and collaboration between scientific and literary intellectuals can lead to a more informed and cohesive society capable of addressing its most complex challenges.
The 2160th Greatest Book of All Time -
Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
The book is a satirical critique of military bureaucracy and the illogical nature of war, set during World War II. The story follows a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier stationed in Italy, who is trying to maintain his sanity while fulfilling his service requirements so that he can go home. The novel explores the absurdity of war and military life through the experiences of the protagonist, who discovers that a bureaucratic rule, the "Catch-22", makes it impossible for him to escape his dangerous situation. The more he tries to avoid his military assignments, the deeper he gets sucked into the irrational world of military rule.
The 31st Greatest Book of All Time -
Another Country by James Baldwin
"Another Country" is a profound exploration of racial, sexual, and creative issues in 1950s Manhattan. The story follows the lives of various characters, including a jazz drummer, a Southern white woman, and a black playwright, among others. As the narrative unfolds, it delves into their struggles with identity, prejudice, and interpersonal relationships, offering a raw and unflinching portrayal of America's social and cultural landscape during a time of intense change and conflict.
The 436th Greatest Book of All Time -
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess
This novel follows the life of a violent young man named Alex, who is part of a youth subculture in a dystopian future England. Alex and his gang engage in a nightmarish spree of rape, assault, and robbery, until he is arrested and subjected to a psychological experiment by the government to "cure" him of his violent tendencies. The novel explores themes of free will, morality, and the nature of evil, while using a unique slang language invented by the author.
The 114th Greatest Book of All Time -
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
The Classic That Launched the Environmental Movement
This influential environmental science book presents a detailed and passionate argument against the overuse of pesticides in the mid-20th century. The author meticulously describes the harmful effects of these chemicals on the environment, particularly on birds, hence the metaphor of a 'silent spring' without bird song. The book played a significant role in advancing the global environmental movement and led to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides in the United States.
The 57th Greatest Book of All Time -
Memories, Dreams, Reflections by Carl Jung
This book is an autobiography of a renowned psychologist who shares his life experiences, insights, and the development of his theories. The narrative delves into his childhood, his career, his relationship with Sigmund Freud, and his exploration into the human psyche. It also provides an in-depth look at the author's dreams and visions, which greatly influenced his work, and his thoughts on subjects such as life after death, reincarnation, and the collective unconscious.
The 935th Greatest Book of All Time -
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
This novel provides a detailed account of a single day in the life of a prisoner, Ivan Denisovich, in a Soviet labor camp in the 1950s. The narrative follows Ivan as he navigates the harsh realities of his daily routine, from the moment he wakes up to when he goes to bed. The book provides a stark portrayal of the brutality and inhumanity of the Soviet gulag system while also highlighting the resilience and dignity of the human spirit under such oppressive conditions.
The 133rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Gulag Archipelago by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
An Experiment in Literary Investigation
"The Gulag Archipelago" is a comprehensive and stark account of the Soviet Union's forced labor camp system. The narrative, based on the author's own experiences as a prisoner and on extensive research, documents the history, operation, and life inside the Gulag system. It also provides a critical examination of the regime's legal system, police operations, and political leadership. The book is an intense indictment of the Soviet Union's totalitarian regime, revealing its brutality, inhumanity, and vast scale of its prison camp network.
The 216th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan
This groundbreaking book is a sociological examination of the dissatisfaction felt by American housewives in the mid-20th century. The author argues that women are not naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to homemaking and child-rearing, challenging the widely accepted belief of the era. It explores the idea of the "problem that has no name" - the widespread unhappiness of women in the 1950s and early 1960s. The book is considered one of the catalysts of the second-wave feminist movement.
The 364th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Rise of the West by William H. McNeill
A History of the Human Community
"The Rise of the West" is a comprehensive historical narrative that explores the development of Western civilization from the early stages of human history to the 20th century. The book provides a detailed analysis of various civilizations around the world, their interactions, and the resulting cultural exchanges that have shaped the modern world. It also discusses the significant factors, such as technological advancements, religious transformations, and political changes, that have contributed to the West's ascendancy.
The 1819th Greatest Book of All Time -
Smoking and Health by Surgeon General
Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of smoking on health, as well as the societal and economic consequences of tobacco use. It delves into the scientific evidence linking smoking to various diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Additionally, the book discusses the addictive nature of nicotine, the marketing strategies of tobacco companies, and the effectiveness of public health interventions aimed at reducing smoking rates. It serves as a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the full scope of the tobacco epidemic.
The 1272nd Greatest Book of All Time -
One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez
This novel is a multi-generational saga that focuses on the Buendía family, who founded the fictional town of Macondo. It explores themes of love, loss, family, and the cyclical nature of history. The story is filled with magical realism, blending the supernatural with the ordinary, as it chronicles the family's experiences, including civil war, marriages, births, and deaths. The book is renowned for its narrative style and its exploration of solitude, fate, and the inevitability of repetition in history.
The 4th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Medium Is The Massage by Marshall McLuhan
An Inventory of Effects
"The Medium Is The Massage" explores how media, more than the content it carries, influences and shapes human perception and society. The book argues that each medium, independent of content, creates a new environment that alters our sensory balance and social dynamics. It emphasizes that the medium through which we receive information—be it print, television, or radio—plays a crucial role in shaping our experiences and understanding of the world. The work is a seminal exploration of media theory, famously coining the phrase "the medium is the message," to highlight the profound impact of the medium itself over the content delivered through it.
The 1369th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Naked Ape by Desmond Morris
A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal
This book offers a groundbreaking, zoological perspective on human behavior, examining humans as a species of animal. The author, a renowned zoologist, delves into various aspects of human life including sexuality, child-rearing, and social structures, comparing them with the behaviors of other animals. Through this comparative analysis, the book challenges conventional views on human exceptionalism, arguing that many human behaviors can be understood through our biological and evolutionary origins. The work has sparked considerable debate and discussion, influencing both scientific and popular views on human nature since its publication.
The 2080th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Double Helix by James D. Watson
A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA
This book is a personal account of the race to discover the structure of DNA, told from the perspective of one of the co-discoverers. It provides an insider's view of scientific research, the collaboration and competition, the dedication, the doubt, the exhilaration of discovery, and the often fraught relationship between science and the rest of life. The book also explores the personalities, quirks, and conflicts of the scientists involved in the groundbreaking discovery.
The 193rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Female Eunuch by Germaine Greer
This book is a seminal feminist text that explores the oppression of women in society. It critiques the traditional roles and expectations of women in the mid-20th century, arguing that societal norms and conventions force women into a secondary, submissive role, effectively castrating them. The book encourages women to reject these norms and to embrace their own sexual liberation, arguing for the need for a revolution in the way women perceive themselves and their place in society.
The 698th Greatest Book of All Time -
Small Is Beautiful by E. F. Schumacher
A Study of Economics as if People Mattered
This book is a collection of essays that challenge the established economic paradigm, arguing for a shift towards smaller, more sustainable systems. The author criticizes conventional capitalism for its focus on profit and growth, suggesting instead that economies should prioritize human well-being and environmental health. He presents a vision of "Buddhist economics," where work is viewed as a means to personal development and fulfillment, not just income generation. The book also offers practical solutions for implementing this new economic model, such as decentralization, appropriate technologies, and renewable energy.
The 1228th Greatest Book of All Time -
Management by Peter Drucker
Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices
This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the principles and practices of effective management, emphasizing the importance of setting clear objectives, making informed decisions, and fostering innovation. It delves into the roles and responsibilities of managers, highlighting the need for strategic planning, effective communication, and the ability to adapt to changing environments. The text also underscores the significance of understanding organizational dynamics, motivating employees, and maintaining a customer-focused approach to drive business success. Through practical insights and real-world examples, it serves as a valuable guide for managers seeking to enhance their leadership skills and organizational impact.
The 4033rd Greatest Book of All Time -
The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco
A Novel of Suspense
Set in a wealthy Italian monastery in the 14th century, the novel follows a Franciscan friar and his young apprentice as they investigate a series of mysterious deaths within the monastery. As they navigate the labyrinthine library and decipher cryptic manuscripts, they uncover a complex plot involving forbidden books, secret societies, and the Inquisition. The novel is a blend of historical fiction, mystery, and philosophical exploration, delving into themes of truth, knowledge, and the power of the written word.
The 145th Greatest Book of All Time -
The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
Set against the backdrop of the Prague Spring period of Czechoslovak history, the novel explores the philosophical concept of Nietzsche's eternal return through the intertwined lives of four characters: a womanizing surgeon, his intellectual wife, his naïve mistress, and her stoic lover. The narrative delves into their personal struggles with lightness and heaviness, freedom and fate, love and betrayal, and the complexities of human relationships, all while offering a profound meditation on the nature of existence and the paradoxes of life.
The 127th Greatest Book of All Time -
Living In Truth by Vaclav Havel
22 Essays Published on the Occasion of the Award of the Erasmus Prize to Václav Havel
"Living in Truth" is a collection of essays and speeches that delve into the moral and existential struggles of living under an oppressive regime. The work explores the nature of power, truth, and individual responsibility in a society where the official narrative often contradicts reality. The author, a dissident playwright turned political leader, argues for the importance of living with integrity and maintaining a commitment to truth as acts of resistance. Through personal anecdotes and philosophical reflections, the text serves as both a critique of totalitarianism and a guide for maintaining one's humanity in the face of systemic deception and coercion.
The 3525th Greatest Book of All Time -
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking
From the Big Bang to Black Holes
A Brief History of Time is a popular science book that explores a broad range of topics in cosmology, including the Big Bang, black holes, light cones and superstring theory. The author does not shy away from complex theories and concepts, but explains them in a way that is accessible to non-scientific readers. The book also discusses the possibility of time travel and the boundaries of scientific knowledge. Throughout, the author emphasizes the ongoing quest for a unifying theory that can combine quantum mechanics and general relativity into one all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework.
The 349th Greatest Book of All Time -
Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie
The novel follows two Indian actors who miraculously survive a plane explosion, and as a result, find themselves embodying good and evil. As they navigate their new identities, the story also delves into the life of a prophet and his creation of a new religion in a city of sand. The narrative is a blend of fantasy and reality, exploring themes of identity, religion, and the immigrant experience, while also providing a controversial interpretation of Islamic faith and the life of Prophet Muhammad.
The 494th Greatest Book of All Time
LOGOS 20th Century Books Project, 101 Books
The "Books that Shaped the Century" collection features 100 pivotal books from the twentieth century, selected by a panel from LOGOS, the international book publishing journal. This panel, consisting of publishers, librarians, and booksellers, identified books that profoundly influenced societal thoughts and actions, thereby shaping historical progress. The selection was made from 500 titles recommended by various prestigious sources, including The New York Times Book Review and Waterstones bookshops. The collection includes a diverse range of works, from children's books and plays to significant texts in social sciences, science, and humanities, covering topics such as psychology, politics, medicine, and feminism. This influential collection has been exhibited across Europe and the UK and is now permanently located at the Oxford Brookes University Library.
This list was originally published in 2020 and was added to this site 3 months ago.
This list has a weight of 40%. To learn more about what this means please visit the Rankings page.
Here is a list of what is decreasing the importance of this list:
- List: criteria is not just "best/favorite"
- Voters: specific voter details are lacking
- List: only covers 100 years
If you think this is incorrect please contact us.