Books that Shaped the Century

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About this list

LOGOS 20th Century Books Project, 101 Books

The "Books that Shaped the Century" collection features 100 pivotal books from the twentieth century, selected by a panel from LOGOS, the international book publishing journal. This panel, consisting of publishers, librarians, and booksellers, identified books that profoundly influenced societal thoughts and actions, thereby shaping historical progress. The selection was made from 500 titles recommended by various prestigious sources, including The New York Times Book Review and Waterstones bookshops. The collection includes a diverse range of works, from children's books and plays to significant texts in social sciences, science, and humanities, covering topics such as psychology, politics, medicine, and feminism. This influential collection has been exhibited across Europe and the UK and is now permanently located at the Oxford Brookes University Library.

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The final selection was made not by a public vote but by roughly thirty publishing professionals—publishers, senior librarians, and leading booksellers—who sat on the International Advisory Board of LOGOS: The Journal of the World Book Community. Their brief was to distil the 500 most-frequently cited ‘books of the century’ (as nominated by outlets such as The New York Times Book Review and Waterstones) down to the 100 that, in their judgment, most powerfully shaped twentieth-century thought and history.

This list was originally published in 2020 and was added to this site almost 2 years ago.

View: List Grid Table
Rank Book Authors Year Country Language Actions
137 Lord Jim Joseph Conrad 1900 British English
177 The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud 1899 Austrian German
572 Three Sisters Anton Chekhov 1901 Russian Russian
1227 What Is To Be Done? Vladimir Il’ich Lenin 1902 Russian Russian
136 The Wind in the Willows Kenneth Grahame 1908 British English
1052 Treatise on Radioactivity Marie Curie 1910 French French
6382 The Principles Of Scientific Management Frederick Winslow Taylor 1911 American English
1706 The Principia Mathematica Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell 1910 British English
144 Sons and Lovers D. H. Lawrence 1913 British English
196 Lady Chatterley's Lover D. H. Lawrence 1928 British English
315 Relativity Albert Einstein 1916 German German
6382 Married Love Marie Stopes 1918 British English
911 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber 1905 German German
159 The Good Soldier Švejk Jaroslav Hašek 1921 Czech Czech
111 The Waste Land T. S. Eliot 1922 British English
1 Ulysses James Joyce 1922 Irish English
1976 Towards A New Architecture Le Corbusier 1923 French French
25 The Magic Mountain Thomas Mann 1924 German German
3 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald 1925 American English
81 The Castle Franz Kafka 1926 Czech German
716 Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler 1925 German German
541 The Seven Pillars of Wisdom T. E. Lawrence 1926 British English
165 Winnie the Pooh A. A. Milne 1926 British English
2 In Search of Lost Time Marcel Proust 1913 French French
1573 The Story Of My Experiments With Truth Mahatma Gandhi 1927 Indian Gujarati
27 To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf 1927 British English
1601 Studies in the Psychology of Sex Havelock Ellis 1897 British English
905 Coming of Age in Samoa Margaret Mead 1928 American English
9 The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner 1929 American English
67 A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway 1929 American English
97 For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway 1940 American English
86 All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque 1928 German German
50 Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1932 British English
172 Man's Fate Andre Malraux 1933 French French
319 The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money John Maynard Keynes 1936 British English
1207 How to Win Friends and Influence People Dale Carnegie 1936 American English
245 Nausea Jean Paul Sartre 1938 French French
26 The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck 1939 American English
187 The Power and the Glory Graham Greene 1940 British English
212 Darkness at Noon Arthur Koestler 1940 British German
107 Native Son Richard Wright 1940 American English
1084 Mother Courage and Her Children Bertolt Brecht 1941 German German
2686 The Managerial Revolution James Burnham 1941 American English
23 The Stranger Albert Camus 1942 French French
76 The Plague Albert Camus 1947 French French
2700 Existentialism And Humanism Jean Paul Sartre 1946 French French
829 The Road to Serfdom Friedrich von Hayek 1944 Austrian English
682 The Open Society and Its Enemies Karl Popper 1945 British English
55 Animal Farm George Orwell 1945 British English
795 Baby And Child Care Benjamin Spock 1946 American English
113 The Diary of a Young Girl Anne Frank 1947 Dutch Dutch
945 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male Alfred C. Kinsey 1948 American English
265 Cry, the Beloved Country Alan Paton 1948 South African English
1283 Cybernetics Norbert Wiener 1948 American English
140 The Second Sex Simone de Beauvoir 1949 French French
806 The Story of Art Ernest H. Gombrich 1950 British English
4870 Human Action Ludwig von Mises 1949 Austrian English
6382 The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights United Nations 1948 Multiple English
4 The Catcher in the Rye J. D. Salinger 1951 American English
101 Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett 1953 Irish French
438 Philosophical Investigations Ludwig Wittgenstein 1953 Austrian German
379 The Second World War Winston Churchill 1948 British English
52 Lord of the Flies William Golding 1954 British English
787 Quotations from Chairman Mao Mao 1964 Chinese Chinese
1769 Under Milk Wood Dylan Thomas 1954 British English
3002 The Savage Mind Claude Lévi-Strauss 1962 French French
14 Lolita Vladimir Nabokov 1955 American English
1306 Long Day's Journey Into Night Eugene O'Neill 1956 American English
17 The Lord Of The Rings J. R. R. Tolkien 1959 English English
2162 The Uses of Literacy Richard Hoggart 1957 British English
41 On the Road Jack Kerouac 1957 American English
1576 The Hidden Persuaders Vance Packard 1957 American English
2090 Parkinson's Law C. Northcote Parkinson 1957 British English
112 Doctor Zhivago Boris Pasternak 1957 Russian Russian
60 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe 1958 Nigerian English
506 The Affluent Society John Kenneth Galbraith 1958 American English
91 The Tin Drum Günter Grass 1959 German German
2936 The Two Cultures And The Scientific Revolution C. P. Snow 1959 British English
33 Catch-22 Joseph Heller 1961 American English
502 Another Country James Baldwin 1962 American English
153 A Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess 1962 British English
162 Silent Spring Rachel Carson 1962 American English
1058 Memories, Dreams, Reflections Carl Jung 1963 Swiss German
148 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1962 Russian Russian
206 The Gulag Archipelago Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1973 Russian Russian
709 The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan 1963 American English
3000 The Rise of the West William H. McNeill 1963 American English
1896 Smoking and Health Surgeon General 1964 American English
5 One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel García Márquez 1967 Colombian Spanish
4528 The Medium Is The Massage Marshall McLuhan 1967 Canadian English
1345 The Naked Ape Desmond Morris 1967 British English
304 The Double Helix James D. Watson 1968 American English
1259 The Female Eunuch Germaine Greer 1970 Australian English
1763 Small Is Beautiful E. F. Schumacher 1973 British English
6520 Management Peter Drucker 1973 American English
114 The Name of the Rose Umberto Eco 1980 Italian Italian
99 The Unbearable Lightness of Being Milan Kundera 1984 Czech Czech
4527 Living In Truth Vaclav Havel 1986 Czech Czech
1122 A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking 1988 British English
534 Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie 1988 British English
2276 Long Walk To Freedom Nelson Mandela 1994 South African English