100 Books You Must Read Before You Die

This is one of the 465 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.

  • Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe

    This novel explores the life of Okonkwo, a respected warrior in the Umuofia clan of the Igbo tribe in Nigeria during the late 1800s. Okonkwo's world is disrupted by the arrival of European missionaries and the subsequent clash of cultures. The story examines the effects of colonialism on African societies, the clash between tradition and change, and the struggle between individual and society. Despite his efforts to resist the changes, Okonkwo's life, like his society, falls apart.

    The 43rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman

    "His Dark Materials" is a fantasy trilogy that follows the journey of a young girl named Lyra Belacqua and her daemon, Pantalaimon, across parallel universes. Throughout their adventures, they encounter a variety of mythical creatures, confront religious and political systems, and grapple with complex themes such as free will, original sin, and the nature of consciousness. The series also delves into the mysteries of Dust, a strange particle integral to the multiverse's function.

    The 407th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Homo Deus by Yuval Noah Harari

    A Brief History of Tomorrow

    This book explores the future of humankind, building upon the foundation laid by its exploration of our past. It delves into the potential paths humanity might take as technological advancements and artificial intelligence begin to challenge the very essence of what it means to be human. The narrative posits that as we conquer famine, war, and plague, our focus shifts towards achieving happiness, immortality, and divinity, raising profound questions about our future roles and values in a world where machines and algorithms might outperform us in thinking, making decisions, and understanding the universe. Through a blend of philosophy, history, and future-gazing, the book invites readers to consider the implications of such a future, both exhilarating and daunting.

    The 3647th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Parallel Lives by Plutarch

    The Lives of Noble Grecians and Romans

    "Parallel Lives" is a collection of biographies of famous Greek and Roman figures, written in pairs to draw comparisons between their lives. The work explores the influence of character on the lives and destinies of these historical figures. The biographies are not only a record of the lives of these individuals, but also provide insight into the times in which they lived, offering a unique perspective on the history and culture of the ancient world.

    The 434th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Whitsun Weddings by Philip Larkin

    The book is a collection of poems that captures the essence of post-war England, exploring themes of everyday life, love, and the passage of time. Through vivid imagery and keen observations, the poems reflect on the mundane and the profound, often with a sense of irony and melancholy. The collection's centerpiece is a journey by train, during which the narrator witnesses a series of wedding parties, prompting reflections on the nature of marriage and societal expectations. The poems are characterized by their accessible language and deep emotional resonance, offering insights into human experiences and the changing social landscape.

    The 2519th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett

    This classic children's novel tells the story of a young, wealthy girl who is sent to a boarding school in London from India after her father's death. Despite her privileged upbringing, she is mistreated by the headmistress and forced to work as a servant to pay off her father's debts. She endures her hardships by maintaining her kindness and generosity, and by using her imagination to escape her grim reality. Eventually, her fortunes change dramatically due to a surprising twist of fate.

    The 1482nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens

    Being a Ghost Story of Christmas

    This classic tale follows a miserly old man named Ebenezer Scrooge who despises Christmas and all forms of happiness. On Christmas Eve, he is visited by the ghost of his former business partner and three spirits representing Christmases Past, Present, and Yet to Come. These apparitions take him on a journey that forces him to confront his selfish ways, leading him to a transformation where he becomes a kinder and more generous person, embodying the true spirit of Christmas.

    The 177th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Wonder by R. J. Palacio

    The book is a heartwarming and thought-provoking story about a young boy with a facial difference who, after being homeschooled for years, enters fifth grade at a mainstream school. The narrative explores his journey of facing the challenges of being different, dealing with bullying and the struggle to be accepted by his peers. It's a tale of empathy, resilience, and the importance of kindness, told through multiple perspectives that include the boy's own viewpoint as well as those of his classmates, family members, and others in his community. The story encourages readers to look beyond appearances and find the wonder in everyone's uniqueness.

    The 5167th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Freedom by Jonathan Franzen

    This novel is a multi-generational saga that explores the lives of the Berglund family. It delves into their personal struggles and relationships, and how they navigate through the complexities of life in contemporary America. The narrative explores themes of freedom in various forms, including personal freedom, societal freedom, and the freedom of choice. The book also examines the impact of these choices on the family’s dynamics, their relationships, and their identities.

    The 1481st Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Kestrel for a Knave by Barry Hines

    Set in a small mining town in England, the novel follows the life of a young boy who, despite his bleak surroundings and abusive family, finds solace and a sense of purpose in training a kestrel. He learns about falconry from a book he steals from his school library. His connection with the bird offers a brief respite from his harsh reality, but tragedy strikes when his brother kills the bird out of spite. The story ends with the boy forced to return to his grim reality, with his only source of happiness gone.

    The 914th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Welcome To Hard Times by E. L. Doctorow

    Set in a desolate, lawless town in the Dakota Territory, the story unfolds as a brutal drifter known as the Bad Man wreaks havoc, leaving the community in ruins. The narrative follows Blue, the town's reluctant mayor, who attempts to rebuild and bring order to the chaos, grappling with themes of morality, resilience, and the cyclical nature of violence. As the townspeople struggle to reclaim their lives, they confront the harsh realities of survival and the haunting presence of past traumas, ultimately questioning whether true redemption and justice are attainable in such a harsh and unforgiving landscape.

    The 2519th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Watchmen by Alan Moore

    Set in an alternate history where superheroes emerged in the 1940s and 1980s, the story follows a group of retired superheroes who are brought out of retirement after the murder of one of their own. As they investigate, they uncover a plot that could change the course of history and the balance of world power. The book explores complex themes such as the morality of power, the definition of heroism, and the value of human life.

    The 492nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

    Set in the racially charged South during the Depression, the novel follows a young girl and her older brother as they navigate their small town's societal norms and prejudices. Their father, a lawyer, is appointed to defend a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman, forcing the children to confront the harsh realities of racism and injustice. The story explores themes of morality, innocence, and the loss of innocence through the eyes of the young protagonists.

    The 13th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Being Mortal by Atul Gawande

    Medicine and What Matters in the End

    This book delves into the complex interplay between medicine, aging, and the inevitable reality of death, challenging the conventional medical approach that focuses on survival at the expense of quality of life. Through a blend of personal narratives, including stories from the author's own family, and research, it examines how modern medicine often fails to address the comprehensive needs of the elderly and terminally ill. Advocating for a more empathetic and holistic approach, it emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting individuals' end-of-life wishes, advocating for a healthcare model that prioritizes the well-being and dignity of patients in their final days.

    The 4173rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

    The book is a tragic tale of two displaced ranch workers during the Great Depression in California. The two main characters, an intelligent but uneducated man and his mentally disabled companion, dream of owning their own piece of land. However, their dreams are thwarted by circumstances beyond their control, leading to a heart-wrenching conclusion. The book explores themes of friendship, dreams, loneliness, and the harsh realities of the American Dream.

    The 230th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Close Range by Annie Proulx

    Wyoming Stories

    "Close Range: Wyoming Stories" is a collection of short stories that depict the harsh, rugged life in Wyoming. The book portrays the lives of various characters, from ranchers to rodeo cowboys, who are struggling with poverty, loneliness, and the harsh physical environment. The stories are characterized by a strong sense of place, dark humor, and vivid descriptions of the western landscape. The characters' struggles with their harsh environment and personal demons create a poignant and often tragic portrait of life in the American West.

    The 2484th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Secret History Of The World by Jonathan Black

    As Laid Down by the Secret Societies

    The book explores the hidden and mystical traditions that have shaped human history, delving into esoteric philosophies and secret societies that have influenced the development of civilization. It presents an alternative narrative of history, suggesting that spiritual and occult knowledge has been a driving force behind major historical events and cultural shifts. The work weaves together mythology, religion, and philosophy to propose that a deeper, often concealed understanding of the world has been passed down through the ages, impacting the course of human development in profound ways.

    The 5071st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf

    The novel chronicles a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a high-society woman in post-World War I England, as she prepares for a party she is hosting that evening. Throughout the day, she encounters various characters from her past, including a former suitor and a shell-shocked war veteran. The narrative jumps back and forth in time and in and out of different characters' minds, exploring themes of mental illness, existentialism, and the nature of time.

    The 31st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Dune by Frank Herbert

    Set in a distant future, the novel follows Paul Atreides, whose family assumes control of the desert planet Arrakis. As the only producer of a highly valuable resource, jurisdiction over Arrakis is contested among competing noble families. After Paul and his family are betrayed, the story explores themes of politics, religion, and man’s relationship to nature, as Paul leads a rebellion to restore his family's reign.

    The 81st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby

    A Fan's Life

    The book is a memoir that explores the author's deep-seated obsession with soccer, particularly his unwavering devotion to the Arsenal Football Club. Through a series of personal anecdotes and reflections, it delves into how this passion has shaped his life, relationships, and identity. The narrative intertwines the highs and lows of Arsenal's seasons with pivotal moments in the author's life, illustrating the profound impact sports can have on an individual's emotional and social world. The book captures the essence of being a dedicated fan and the intricate ways in which sports can mirror life's challenges and triumphs.

    The 3599th Greatest Book of All Time
  • All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque

    The novel tells the story of a young German soldier, Paul Bäumer, and his experiences during World War I. The narrative explores the physical and emotional toll of war, the camaraderie between soldiers, and the disillusionment of a generation thrown into a brutal conflict. The protagonist and his friends grapple with survival, fear, and the loss of innocence, providing a stark and poignant critique of the futility and destructiveness of war.

    The 93rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Overstory by Richard Powers

    The Overstory is a sweeping, impassioned work of activism and resistance that is also a stunning evocation of the natural world. The novel tells the intertwined tales of nine different people who are drawn into the last standing few acres of virgin forest in North America. From a young artist who inherits a hundred years of photographic portraits, all of the same doomed American chestnut, to a hard-partying undergraduate in the late 1980s electrocuted by a streetlight, each character's story adds another layer of depth to the narrative. Their lives slowly merge with each other and the fate of the trees, showing the interconnectedness of life, human and otherwise.

    The 1289th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Silence of the Sea by Vercors

    Set during the German occupation of France in World War II, the story explores themes of resistance and human connection through the silent defiance of a French uncle and his niece, who refuse to speak to the German officer billeted in their home. The officer, cultured and idealistic, attempts to engage them in conversation, revealing his inner conflict and disillusionment with the war. The narrative delves into the complexities of war, the power of silence as a form of protest, and the nuanced interactions between occupier and occupied, highlighting the moral and emotional struggles faced by individuals on both sides.

    The 1193rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Complete Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle

    All 4 Novels and 56 Short Stories

    This book is a comprehensive collection of all 56 short stories and four novels centered around the brilliant detective, Sherlock Holmes, and his loyal friend, Dr. John Watson. Set in late 19th and early 20th century London, the stories follow Holmes as he uses his exceptional deductive reasoning and astute observation skills to solve a variety of complex and intriguing mysteries. From murder and theft to espionage and the supernatural, no case is too challenging for this iconic detective.

    The 153rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Tattooist Of Auschwitz by Heather Morris

    A Novel of Survival and Love in the Holocaust

    This historical novel is based on the true story of a Jewish Slovakian who is forcibly transported to the concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II. While imprisoned, he is put to work as the camp's tattooist, tasked with permanently marking his fellow prisoners. Amidst the horrors of the Holocaust, he uses his privileged position to secure food for his friends and to barter for goods, all while engaging in a clandestine romance with a fellow prisoner. The narrative not only captures the brutality and the struggle for survival within the camp but also highlights the enduring power of love and hope in the darkest of times.

    The 6398th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The World's Wife by Carol Ann Duffy

    This collection of poems reimagines the lives of famous historical and mythical figures through the perspectives of the women associated with them. By giving voice to these often overlooked or marginalized female characters, the poems explore themes of gender, power, and identity with wit and insight. Each piece offers a fresh, sometimes subversive take on well-known stories, challenging traditional narratives and highlighting the complexities of women's experiences throughout history and mythology.

    The 4172nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Wolf Of Masada by John Fredman

    Set against the backdrop of ancient Judea, this historical novel vividly recounts the dramatic siege of Masada, where a group of Jewish rebels makes a courageous stand against the might of the Roman Empire. The story delves into the lives of both the besieged and the besiegers, exploring themes of faith, loyalty, and the struggle for freedom. As tensions rise and the situation becomes increasingly desperate, the characters are forced to confront their deepest beliefs and make harrowing choices in the face of overwhelming odds. The narrative weaves together historical events with personal stories, creating a gripping tale of resilience and sacrifice.

    The 2835th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Bonjour Tristesse by Francoise Sagan

    This novel centers around a 17-year-old girl living with her playboy father in the French Riviera. The pair lead a carefree, hedonistic lifestyle until the father decides to remarry, causing the protagonist to hatch a plan to prevent the marriage and return to their old way of life. The story explores themes of youth, love, and the struggle between desire and morality.

    The 193rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Brighton Rock by Graham Greene

    "Brighton Rock" is a thrilling crime novel set in 1930s Brighton, revolving around the life of a young gangster, who is involved in a series of violent acts and murders. The narrative also explores the themes of Catholicism, morality, and the nature of sin, as the protagonist struggles with his religious beliefs and the guilt of his actions. The story is further complicated by the involvement of a naive young woman who falls in love with the gangster, unaware of his dark side.

    The 178th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut

    The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death

    The novel follows the life of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran who has become "unstuck in time," experiencing his life events out of order. This includes his experiences as a prisoner of war in Dresden during the Allies' firebombing, his post-war life as a successful optometrist, his abduction by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore, and his eventual death. The book is a critique of war and a demonstration of the destructive nature of time, with a nonlinear narrative that reflects the chaos and unpredictability of life.

    The 67th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Help by Kathryn Stockett

    Set in the early 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi, the story revolves around three main characters: two black maids and a young white woman. The maids, who have spent their lives taking care of white families and raising their children, agree to share their experiences with the young woman, who is an aspiring writer. The book offers a poignant and humorous look at the complex relationships between these women, while also exploring the racial tensions and social changes of the era.

    The 3983rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Danny The Champion Of The World by Roald Dahl

    In this heartwarming tale, a young boy named Danny embarks on an extraordinary adventure with his father. Living in a cozy gypsy caravan behind their country petrol station, Danny's life takes an unexpected turn when he discovers his father's secret passion for poaching pheasants. As they devise a clever plan to outsmart the wealthy landowner, Danny becomes the unexpected hero of the village, showcasing the power of determination, love, and the bond between father and son.

    The 982nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame

    "The Wind in the Willows" is a charming tale about the adventures of four anthropomorphic animal friends - Mole, Rat, Badger, and the rebellious and extravagant Toad. The story is set in the idyllic English countryside and explores themes of friendship, exploration, and respect for nature. The narrative is marked by Toad's reckless behavior, his obsession with motor cars, and his eventual redemption. The other characters, with their contrasting personalities, bring balance and depth to the story.

    The 111th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry

    "A Fine Balance" is a poignant narrative set in India during the 1970s, a time of political turmoil and upheaval. The plot revolves around four diverse characters - a widow, a young student, and two tailors - who are brought together by fate. Through their interconnected lives, the book explores themes of caste, poverty, political corruption, and the human spirit's resilience. It offers a profound exploration of the delicate balance that sustains life amidst adversity.

    The 402nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Return Of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis

    A Historical Mystery

    The book delves into the intriguing historical case of a 16th-century French peasant, Martin Guerre, who mysteriously disappears from his village, leaving his wife, Bertrande, and their son behind. Years later, a man claiming to be Martin returns, and while initially accepted by the family and community, doubts about his identity eventually arise. The narrative explores themes of identity, deception, and social norms, as the impostor's trial unfolds, revealing the complexities of personal and communal relationships in early modern France. Through meticulous research, the story examines the interplay between individual agency and societal expectations.

    The 3073rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead

    This novel follows the journey of Cora, a young slave on a cotton plantation in Georgia, who escapes and embarks on a journey towards freedom via the Underground Railroad. The book presents a literal version of the historical Underground Railroad, portraying it as a physical network of tunnels and tracks beneath the Southern soil. As Cora travels from state to state, she encounters different worlds and harsh realities, each one illuminating the various forms of oppression Black people faced in America. The narrative is a brutal exploration of America's history of slavery and racism, and a testament to the unyielding spirit of those who fought against it.

    The 655th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller

    The play is a tragic drama set in the 1950s in an Italian-American neighborhood near the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. It follows the life of Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman who lives with his wife Beatrice and his orphaned niece Catherine whom he has developed inappropriate feelings for. When Beatrice's cousins, illegal immigrants from Italy, arrive and one of them, Rodolpho, begins a romance with Catherine, Eddie's jealousy and obsession lead to betrayal and a tragic confrontation that culminates in violence and a devastating conclusion. The narrative explores themes of honor, family, and the struggle of the immigrant experience.

    The 2473rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf

    This novel is a pioneering work of modernist literature that explores the Ramsay family's experiences at their summer home on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. The narrative is divided into three sections, focusing on a day in the family's life, a description of the house during their absence, and their return after ten years. The book is known for its stream of consciousness narrative technique and its exploration of topics such as the passage of time, the nature of art, and the female experience.

    The 25th Greatest Book of All Time
  • In Cold Blood by Truman Capote

    A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences

    This true crime novel tells the story of the brutal 1959 murder of a wealthy farmer, his wife and two of their children in Holcomb, Kansas. The narrative follows the investigation led by the Kansas Bureau of Investigation that ultimately leads to the capture, trial, and execution of the killers. The book explores the circumstances surrounding this horrific crime and the effects it had on the community and the people involved.

    The 65th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Brother Of The More Famous Jack by Barbara Trapido

    The novel follows the coming-of-age journey of Katherine, a young woman who navigates the complexities of love, family, and identity. After being introduced to the eccentric Goldman family during her university years, Katherine becomes entwined in their vibrant and chaotic world, experiencing both the joys and heartaches of romantic entanglements and personal growth. As she matures, Katherine learns to balance her own aspirations with the expectations and influences of those around her, ultimately finding her own path in life. The story is a witty and insightful exploration of relationships and self-discovery.

    The 3039th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Animal Farm by George Orwell

    A Fairy Story

    "Animal Farm" is a satirical fable set on a farm where the animals revolt, overthrow their human farmer, and take over the running of the farm for themselves. The story is an allegory of the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalin, and the tale is told by the animals that inhabit the farm, primarily pigs who become the ruling class. Despite their initial attempts at creating an equal society, corruption and power ultimately lead to a regime as oppressive as the one they overthrew.

    The 56th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

    This classic novel follows the journey of a seaman who travels up the Congo River into the African interior to meet a mysterious ivory trader. Throughout his journey, he encounters the harsh realities of imperialism, the brutal treatment of native Africans, and the depths of human cruelty and madness. The protagonist's journey into the 'heart of darkness' serves as both a physical exploration of the African continent and a metaphorical exploration into the depths of human nature.

    The 22nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Household Tales by Brothers Grimm

    Grimm's Fairy Tales

    "Household Tales" is a collection of German fairy tales that includes popular stories such as "Cinderella", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Hansel and Gretel", and "Snow White". These narratives, often featuring magical elements and moral lessons, have been influential in shaping Western popular culture. The tales range from the whimsical and humorous to the dark and cautionary, reflecting a wide array of human experiences and emotions.

    The 429th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

    Set in the summer of 1922, the novel follows the life of a young and mysterious millionaire, his extravagant lifestyle in Long Island, and his obsessive love for a beautiful former debutante. As the story unfolds, the millionaire's dark secrets and the corrupt reality of the American dream during the Jazz Age are revealed. The narrative is a critique of the hedonistic excess and moral decay of the era, ultimately leading to tragic consequences.

    The Greatest Book of All Time
  • I, Claudius by Robert Graves

    From the Autobiography of Tiberius Claudius, Emperor of the Romans, Born 10 B.C., Murdered and Deified A.D. 54

    This historical novel is a first-person narrative told from the perspective of the Roman Emperor Claudius, who was considered an unlikely ruler due to his physical ailments and perceived lack of intelligence. The story covers the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, and Caligula before Claudius unexpectedly becomes emperor. The narrative provides a critical look at the corruption, violence, and political machinations of the Roman Empire, offering a unique perspective on history.

    The 357th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence

    "Lady Chatterley's Lover" is a controversial novel that explores themes of class, sexuality, and the human condition. The story revolves around a young, upper-class woman married to a paralyzed war veteran who, feeling emotionally and physically neglected, embarks on a passionate affair with the estate's gamekeeper. The narrative delves into the protagonist's sexual awakening and her struggle against societal norms, ultimately advocating for emotional honesty and physical intimacy as essential components of a fulfilling life.

    The 163rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Hero of Our Time by Mikhail Lermontov

    A Novel in Five Parts

    "A Hero of Our Time" is a novel that follows the life of a young, charismatic, yet cynical and emotionally detached Russian officer, who serves in the Caucasus region. The story is told through a series of narratives, including the officer's own journal entries, revealing his manipulative and self-destructive tendencies. The novel explores themes of disillusionment, morality, and the nature of heroism in the 19th century Russian society.

    The 280th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton

    Set in the backdrop of New York's high society during the turn of the 20th century, the novel follows the life of Lily Bart, a beautiful but impoverished woman of social standing. As she navigates the pressures and expectations of her social circle, Lily grapples with the need to secure a wealthy husband to maintain her lifestyle. However, her romantic inclinations and her desire for personal freedom come into conflict with societal norms, leading to her tragic downfall.

    The 199th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

    The Modern Prometheus

    This classic novel tells the story of a young scientist who creates a grotesque but sentient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. The scientist, horrified by his creation, abandons it, leading the creature to seek revenge. The novel explores themes of ambition, responsibility, guilt, and the potential consequences of playing God.

    The 39th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Twits by Roald Dahl

    "The Twits" is a humorous children's book that follows the lives of Mr. and Mrs. Twit, a repulsive and mean-spirited couple who delight in playing nasty tricks on each other. With their hairy faces and twisted minds, they make life miserable for everyone around them. However, their wickedness eventually catches up with them when a group of mischievous monkeys decide to teach them a lesson they will never forget.

    The 1087th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James

    This classic novel explores the life of a young, independent American woman who inherits a large amount of money and moves to Europe, where she falls into a manipulative and oppressive marriage. The story delves into themes of personal freedom, responsibility, and betrayal, as the protagonist navigates the complexities of high society, love, and the consequences of her choices.

    The 63rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Little Women by Louisa May Alcott

    or, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy

    This classic novel follows the lives of the four March sisters - Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy - as they navigate the challenges and joys of adolescence and adulthood in 19th century New England. As they grow, they grapple with issues of poverty, gender roles, love, and personal identity, each in her own unique way. The story is a testament to the power of family, sisterhood, and female resilience in a time of societal constraints.

    The 80th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Gorky Park by Martin Cruz Smith

    In the heart of Moscow, three corpses found in Gorky Park lead a dedicated Soviet police investigator on a complex and dangerous trail that entangles him in the web of the KGB and the FBI. As he delves deeper into the case, he uncovers a chilling conspiracy and faces moral dilemmas that challenge his very principles and integrity. The investigation becomes a personal quest for truth that takes him far beyond the park's snowy borders, testing his resolve and putting his life at risk in the shadowy intersections of international espionage and political intrigue.

    The 1433rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson

    Set in the 1950s on the fictional San Piedro Island in the northern Puget Sound region of the state of Washington, the plot revolves around the trial of Kabuo Miyamoto, a Japanese American accused of murdering Carl Heine, a respected fisherman in the close-knit community. The trial really serves as a means of exploring the inter-ethnic tensions of the post-WWII era, as flashbacks reveal the shared history of the island's residents including the forced internment of its Japanese population during the war. The novel also delves into the love affair between Ishmael Chambers, a local reporter, and Hatsue Miyamoto, Kabuo's wife.

    The 2609th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro

    The novel is a poignant tale of an English butler, Stevens, who reflects on his life and career during a road trip through the English countryside. As he delves into his past, he reveals his unquestioning loyalty to his former employer, Lord Darlington, and his unexpressed love for the housekeeper, Miss Kenton. The narrative explores themes of dignity, duty, and regret, as Stevens comes to terms with his unquestioning devotion to his employer and the missed opportunities in his personal life.

    The 217th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tender Is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald

    Set in the French Riviera in the 1920s, the novel traces the tragic tale of a young psychiatrist, his beautiful wife, and the drama that unfolds amongst their circle of wealthy expatriate friends. The psychiatrist's wife suffers from mental illness, which leads to his own downfall as he struggles to keep his marriage intact and maintain his professional reputation. The narrative explores themes of wealth, love, desire, and the destructive power of obsession, painting a haunting portrait of the dark side of the glamorous Jazz Age.

    The 141st Greatest Book of All Time
  • Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell

    This novel is a unique blend of six different stories, each set in a different time and place, spanning from the 19th century South Pacific to a post-apocalyptic future. Each tale is written in a different style, reflecting the time and setting it represents, and they are all connected through shared themes and recurring motifs. The stories are nested within each other, with each interrupted by the next, only to be concluded in the second half of the book. The novel explores themes of predacity, civilization, reincarnation and the eternal recurrence of the same behaviors throughout history.

    The 393rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Wild Places by Robert Macfarlane

    A Journey Through Britain's Untamed Landscapes

    The book explores the remnants of wilderness in the British Isles, as the author embarks on a series of journeys to remote and untamed landscapes. Through his travels, he reflects on the relationship between humans and nature, the history and mythology of these wild places, and the impact of modern life on the natural world. The narrative combines lyrical descriptions with philosophical musings, offering a meditation on the beauty and fragility of the natural environment and the importance of preserving these wild spaces for future generations.

    The 5071st Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

    This novel is a powerful story set against the backdrop of tumultuous events in Afghanistan, from the fall of the monarchy through the Soviet invasion and the rise of the Taliban regime. It follows the life of a wealthy boy and his best friend, a servant's son, their shared love for kite flying, and a terrible incident that tears their lives apart. The narrative explores themes of guilt, betrayal and redemption as the protagonist, now an adult living in America, is called back to his war-torn homeland to right the wrongs of his past.

    The 584th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy

    A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented

    This is a tragic tale of a young woman named Tess who comes from a poor family in rural England. Tess is sent to work for a wealthy family, where she is seduced by a man who abandons her after she becomes pregnant. The baby dies, and Tess is ostracized by her community. She falls in love with a kind man, but when she confesses her past, he rejects her. Desperate and heartbroken, Tess murders her former seducer and is eventually captured and executed. The novel explores themes of fate, injustice, and the oppressive sexual morals of its time.

    The 127th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin

    This fantasy novel follows the story of a young boy named Ged who lives in a world of islands called Earthsea. Ged discovers he has a natural talent for magic and is sent to a school for wizards on the island of Roke. As he grows and learns, his arrogance leads him to unleash a shadow creature that he must then spend years trying to defeat. The book explores themes of balance, power, and the danger of hubris, as Ged learns to control his abilities and accept responsibility for his actions.

    The 226th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Little Sister by Raymond Chandler

    In this hardboiled detective novel, private investigator Philip Marlowe is hired by a young woman named Orfamay Quest to find her missing brother in Los Angeles. As Marlowe delves deeper into the case, he uncovers a complex web of deceit, corruption, and murder involving Hollywood starlets, gangsters, and a ruthless icepick-wielding killer. The investigation leads Marlowe through a gritty and cynical portrayal of post-war Los Angeles, revealing the dark underbelly of the city and the moral ambiguities faced by those seeking truth and justice.

    The 2519th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Child's Christmas In Wales by Dylan Thomas

    The book is a nostalgic and lyrical reflection on the Christmases of the narrator's childhood in Wales. Through a series of vivid and whimsical anecdotes, it captures the magic and wonder of the holiday season as experienced through the eyes of a young boy. The narrative weaves together memories of snow-filled landscapes, festive family gatherings, and the charming quirks of relatives and neighbors, all infused with a sense of warmth, humor, and the timeless joy of Christmas.

    The 2519th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson

    The Story of the Treasure Seekers

    This classic adventure novel tells the story of young Jim Hawkins, who stumbles upon a treasure map and embarks on a perilous journey to find the buried treasure. Along the way, he encounters a host of memorable characters, including the cunning and treacherous Long John Silver. The narrative is filled with action, intrigue, and suspense, as Hawkins and his companions face pirates, mutiny, and other dangers in their quest for the hidden treasure.

    The 109th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Far Cry From Kensington by Muriel Spark

    Set in 1950s London, the novel follows the experiences of Mrs. Hawkins, a plump, intelligent, and perceptive war widow who works in the publishing industry. Residing in a boarding house in Kensington, she becomes embroiled in the lives of her eccentric fellow residents and colleagues. As she dispenses wisdom and navigates the peculiarities of post-war London society, Mrs. Hawkins finds herself involved in a series of events that lead her to confront a sinister figure exploiting the vulnerabilities of the literary world. The narrative is a blend of mystery, humor, and insight, offering a sharp critique of the publishing industry and a compassionate look at human foibles.

    The 2884th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Anne of Green Gables by L. M. Montgomery

    The book follows the life of a young orphan girl who is mistakenly sent to live with an elderly brother and sister who originally wanted to adopt a boy to help them with their farm in Prince Edward Island. Despite the initial disappointment, the girl's charm, vivacity, and imagination soon win over her new guardians. The story details her adventures and mishaps in her new home, her struggles and triumphs at school, and her gradual maturing into a smart, independent young woman.

    The 268th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Month In The Country by J. L. Carr

    This novel unfolds the story of a World War I veteran who spends a summer in a peaceful Yorkshire village to restore a medieval mural in a local church. As he immerses himself in this tranquil setting, he finds solace and a sense of healing from the traumas of war. The narrative beautifully captures the essence of rural English life, the complexities of human relationships, and the profound impact of art and history on the human spirit. Through his work and interactions with the villagers, the protagonist embarks on a journey of self-discovery, finding a temporary refuge from his tormented past and glimpses of a more hopeful future.

    The 1216th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee

    The novel is set in a small frontier town of an unnamed empire, where the magistrate lives a life of civil service and relative peace. His world is disrupted when the Empire declares a state of emergency due to rumors of barbarian uprising. The magistrate becomes a critic of the Empire's brutal and inhumane methods of dealing with the perceived threat, which leads to his arrest and torture. As he tries to understand his role in the vast political machinery, he also grapples with questions of power, justice, and humanity.

    The 614th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Dracula by Bram Stoker

    This classic horror novel tells the story of Count Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of people led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. The narrative is composed of journal entries, letters, and telegrams written by the novel's protagonists, providing different perspectives on the gruesome events unfolding. The book touches on themes of sexuality, gender roles, and the clash of modern science with traditional superstition.

    The 68th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tenth of December by George Saunders

    "Tenth of December" is a collection of short stories that explore themes of class, love, loss, and the struggle of human existence in contemporary America. The stories range from a young boy's confrontation with a pedophile, to a middle-class woman's encounter with a drug-addicted veteran, to a futuristic tale about neuropharmacology. The collection is known for its dark humor, social criticism, and exploration of the human condition.

    The 1146th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Catch-22 by Joseph Heller

    The book is a satirical critique of military bureaucracy and the illogical nature of war, set during World War II. The story follows a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 bombardier stationed in Italy, who is trying to maintain his sanity while fulfilling his service requirements so that he can go home. The novel explores the absurdity of war and military life through the experiences of the protagonist, who discovers that a bureaucratic rule, the "Catch-22", makes it impossible for him to escape his dangerous situation. The more he tries to avoid his military assignments, the deeper he gets sucked into the irrational world of military rule.

    The 35th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

    An aging Cuban fisherman struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream, isolated from the world and from human help. For days, he fights the marlin alone, admiring its strength, dignity, and faithfulness to its identity—its destiny is as true as his as a fisherman. He finally kills the marlin, but sharks attack and devour it before he can return to the shore. The fisherman returns home empty-handed but remains undefeated, having proven his abilities to himself.

    The 55th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold

    A teenage girl is brutally murdered in her small town, and from her new home in heaven, she watches over her family and friends as they struggle to cope with her loss. She also keeps an eye on her killer, hoping that he will eventually be brought to justice. Through her observations, she explores the complexities of human relationships, the ripple effects of her death, and the concept of moving on while still holding onto memories.

    The 1125th Greatest Book of All Time
  • My Brilliant Friend by Elena Ferrante

    Neapolitan Novels, Book One

    This novel tells the story of two friends, Elena and Lila, growing up in a poor neighborhood in Naples, Italy in the 1950s. Their intense, complicated friendship is marked by competition, mutual respect, and deep affection. As they navigate the challenges of adolescence, including family drama, academic struggles, and romantic entanglements, their bond is tested and transformed. The narrative explores themes of female friendship, social class, education, and the struggle for personal autonomy in a patriarchal society.

    The 645th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka

    The book tells the story of a man who wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a giant insect. His transformation causes him to lose his job and become ostracized from his family, who are horrified and repulsed by his new form. As he grapples with his new reality, he becomes increasingly isolated and starts to lose his sense of humanity. The book explores themes of alienation, guilt, and identity, and is a profound examination of the human condition.

    The 77th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood

    Set in a dystopian future, this novel presents a society where women are stripped of their rights and are classified into various roles based on their fertility and societal status. The protagonist is a handmaid, a class of women used solely for their reproductive capabilities by the ruling class. The story is a chilling exploration of the extreme end of misogyny, where women are reduced to their biological functions, and a critique of religious fundamentalism.

    The 82nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Autumn Journal by Louis MacNeice

    The book is a reflective and introspective poetic diary that captures the author's thoughts and emotions during the autumn of 1938, a period marked by personal and political turmoil. Through a series of candid and lyrical entries, the author explores themes of uncertainty, change, and the passage of time, while also addressing the looming threat of war in Europe. The work blends personal anecdotes with broader social and historical observations, offering a poignant meditation on the complexities of life during a time of impending crisis.

    The 2519th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Godfather by Mario Puzo

    The book revolves around the powerful Italian-American crime family of Don Vito Corleone. When the don's youngest son, Michael, reluctantly joins the mafia, he becomes involved in the inevitable cycle of violence and betrayal. Although Michael tries to maintain a normal relationship with his wife, Kay, he is drawn deeper into the family business. The narrative follows the Corleone family's struggle to hold onto power in a rapidly changing world, as well as Michael's transformation from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss.

    The 238th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins

    A captivating tale of mystery and suspense, "The Woman in White" follows the story of a young art teacher, Walter Hartright, who encounters a mysterious woman dressed in white on a moonlit road. The woman is revealed to be a mental asylum escapee, and as Hartright delves into her story, he uncovers a web of deceit, madness, and dangerous secrets involving a wealthy, titled family. The narrative explores themes of identity, insanity, and the abuse of power, with a complex plot filled with twists and turns.

    The 133rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • Peter And Wendy by J. M. Barrie

    The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up

    "Peter And Wendy" by JM Barrie is a beloved children's classic that tells the enchanting story of a young girl named Wendy Darling who, along with her two brothers, embarks on a magical adventure to the whimsical world of Neverland. There, they encounter the mischievous and eternal boy, Peter Pan, and his fairy companion, Tinker Bell. Together, they face thrilling escapades, battles with the villainous Captain Hook, and discover the importance of imagination, friendship, and the power of never growing up.

    The 284th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Persuasion by Jane Austen

    This classic novel revolves around the life of Anne Elliot, a woman of 27 who is unmarried and living with her vain, snobbish, and foolish family who are on the brink of financial ruin. Seven years prior, she had been persuaded to reject a marriage proposal from the man she loved, a poor but ambitious naval officer named Frederick Wentworth. When he returns from the war a wealthy and successful captain, old feelings are rekindled. The story follows Anne's journey towards self-realization and second chances at love amidst the complexities of her social class.

    The 206th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Goodnight Mister Tom by Michelle Magorian

    Set during World War II, the story follows a young evacuee from London named William Beech who is sent to live in the English countryside with a gruff but kind elderly man named Tom Oakley. As William adjusts to rural life and overcomes his abusive past, he forms a deep bond with Tom. The novel explores themes of friendship, the impact of war, and the power of love and kindness to heal emotional wounds.

    The 1575th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Moby-Dick by Herman Melville

    or, The Whale

    The novel is a detailed narrative of a vengeful sea captain's obsessive quest to hunt down a giant white sperm whale that bit off his leg. The captain's relentless pursuit, despite the warnings and concerns of his crew, leads them on a dangerous journey across the seas. The story is a complex exploration of good and evil, obsession, and the nature of reality, filled with rich descriptions of whaling and the sea.

    The 8th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Primary Colors by Anonymous

    A Novel of Politics

    The book is a political novel that offers a fictionalized account of a presidential campaign, focusing on the charismatic and morally complex Southern governor who is running for the Democratic nomination. Through the eyes of a young, idealistic campaign aide, the story delves into the gritty realities of political life, exploring themes of ambition, loyalty, and the ethical dilemmas faced by those in pursuit of power. The narrative captures the intense personal and professional challenges encountered on the campaign trail, highlighting the tension between public image and private behavior in the world of politics.

    The 3884th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Home by Marilynne Robinson

    "Home" is a deeply emotional narrative that explores the themes of faith, redemption, and the complexity of family relationships. The story revolves around the Boughton family, particularly the prodigal son, Jack, who returns home after twenty years. His struggle to fit into the family and society, and his sister Glory's attempts to help him, form the crux of the story. The book delves into their past, revealing secrets and regrets, and provides a profound reflection on love, loss, and forgiveness.

    The 2326th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Harry Potter And The Philosopher's Stone by J. K. Rowling

    The story follows a young boy, Harry Potter, who learns on his 11th birthday that he is the orphaned son of two powerful wizards and possesses unique magical powers of his own. He is summoned from his life as an unwanted child to become a student at Hogwarts, an English boarding school for wizards. There, he meets several friends who become his closest allies and help him discover the truth about his parents' mysterious deaths, the dark wizard who wants to kill him, and the magical stone that holds immense power.

    The 185th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Power by Naomi Alderman

    "The Power" by Naomi Alderman is a speculative fiction novel that imagines a world where women develop the ability to produce electrical shocks from their bodies, giving them a newfound physical power over men. The novel follows the lives of four characters as they navigate this new reality and the societal and political upheaval that comes with it. Through their experiences, the book explores themes of gender, power, and the corrupting nature of authority.

    The 3343rd Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole

    The novel is a comedic satire set in New Orleans in the early 1960s, centered around Ignatius J. Reilly, a lazy, eccentric, highly educated, and socially inept man who still lives with his mother. Ignatius spends his time writing a lengthy philosophical work while working various jobs and avoiding the responsibilities of adulthood. The story follows his misadventures and interactions with a colorful cast of characters in the city, including his long-suffering mother, a flamboyant nightclub owner, a beleaguered factory worker, and a frustrated hot dog vendor.

    The 195th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Wandering Falcon by Jamil Ahmed

    Set in the rugged borderlands of Pakistan and Afghanistan, the story follows Tor Baz, a boy who becomes an enigmatic wanderer after the tragic death of his parents. As he traverses the harsh, unforgiving terrain, he encounters various tribes and communities, each grappling with their own struggles and traditions in the face of modernity and political upheaval. Through Tor Baz's journey, the narrative paints a vivid picture of the complexities and resilience of life in this remote region, highlighting themes of survival, identity, and the impact of changing times on ancient ways of living.

    The 4910th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Power and the Glory by Graham Greene

    The novel is set during the Mexican Revolution, focusing on a whisky priest who is on the run from the authorities who have outlawed Catholicism. The priest, who is flawed and sinful, travels across the country to evade capture, minister to the faithful, and find a way to repent for his sins. Despite his moral failings, the priest's compassion and commitment to his faith make him a symbol of hope and resilience in the face of oppression. The book explores themes of faith, redemption, and the human struggle with sin.

    The 317th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy by John le Carré

    In this espionage thriller, a semi-retired British intelligence officer is tasked with uncovering a Soviet mole within the highest ranks of the British Secret Service. As he delves deeper into the investigation, he uncovers a web of betrayal and deceit that reaches far beyond the mole, threatening the very fabric of the British intelligence community. The novel is a masterful blend of suspense, intrigue, and complex characterization that explores themes of loyalty, identity, and the murky world of international espionage.

    The 727th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Secret History by Donna Tartt

    A group of six classics students at a small, elite Vermont college, led by a charismatic professor, become entranced by the study of Greek culture and decide to recreate a Dionysian ritual, which ends in a tragic accident. The group, bound by their shared secret, begins to unravel as paranoia and guilt take hold. The novel explores themes of beauty and terror, the allure of the esoteric, and the destructive consequences of obsession.

    The 252nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Book Thief by Markus Zusak

    Set in Nazi Germany during World War II, the novel follows the story of a young girl who finds solace in stealing books and sharing them with others. In the midst of the horrors of war, she forms a bond with a Jewish man her foster parents are hiding in their basement. The story is narrated by Death, offering a unique perspective on the atrocities and small acts of kindness during this period. The girl's love for books becomes a metaphor for resistance against the oppressive regime.

    The 616th Greatest Book of All Time
  • A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving

    The book is a tale of two childhood friends, one of whom believes he is God's instrument. The story is set in a New England town during the 1950s and 1960s and follows the lives of the two boys, one small and with a strange voice, who has visions of his own death and believes he is an instrument of God, and the other, the narrator, who struggles with faith. The novel explores themes of faith, fate, and the power of friendship against a backdrop of historical and political events, including the Vietnam War.

    The 562nd Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

    The book follows the Joad family, Oklahoma farmers displaced from their land during the Great Depression. The family, alongside thousands of other "Okies," travel to California in search of work and a better life. Throughout their journey, they face numerous hardships and injustices, yet maintain their humanity through unity and shared sacrifice. The narrative explores themes of man's inhumanity to man, the dignity of wrath, and the power of family and friendship, offering a stark and moving portrayal of the harsh realities of American migrant laborers during the 1930s.

    The 28th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Stand by Stephen King

    This post-apocalyptic horror/fantasy novel presents a world devastated by a deadly plague, killing 99% of the population. The survivors, drawn together by dreams of a charismatic and benevolent figure, gather in Boulder, Colorado to form a new society. However, a malevolent figure also emerges, attracting a following of his own and setting the stage for a classic battle between good and evil. The story delves into themes of community, morality, and the capacity for both destruction and regeneration within humanity.

    The 228th Greatest Book of All Time
  • War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy

    Set in the backdrop of the Napoleonic era, the novel presents a panorama of Russian society and its descent into the chaos of war. It follows the interconnected lives of five aristocratic families, their struggles, romances, and personal journeys through the tumultuous period of history. The narrative explores themes of love, war, and the meaning of life, as it weaves together historical events with the personal stories of its characters.

    The 12th Greatest Book of All Time
  • The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett

    A young, spoiled and unloved girl is sent to live with her reclusive uncle in a large, lonely house after the death of her parents. Through the discovery and cultivation of a hidden, neglected garden, she befriends a local boy and her sickly cousin, and the three children find healing and transformation through their friendship and the magic of the garden.

    The 339th Greatest Book of All Time
  • All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy

    This novel follows the journey of a young Texas cowboy who, after his grandfather's death, ventures into Mexico with his best friend in search of a life of freedom and adventure. Their journey becomes complicated when they are arrested and imprisoned, and the protagonist falls in love with the daughter of a wealthy ranch owner. The book explores themes of love, loss, friendship, and the harsh realities of life.

    The 638th Greatest Book of All Time
  • Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë

    An Autobiography

    The novel follows the life of Jane Eyre, an orphan who is mistreated by her relatives and sent to a charity school. As she grows up, Jane becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with the brooding and mysterious Mr. Rochester. However, she soon learns of a dark secret in his past that threatens their future together. The story is a profound exploration of a woman's self-discovery and her struggle for independence and love in a rigid Victorian society.

    The 30th Greatest Book of All Time
About this list

BBC Radio Oxford, 102 Books

This BBC list was chosen mainly by authors but also other 'book' experts such as bookshop staff, with short audio discussions on each work.
Actual number of books chosen was 102.

This list was originally published in 2020 and was added to this site 3 months ago.

How Good is this List?

This list has a weight of 65%. To learn more about what this means please visit the Rankings page.

Here is a list of what is decreasing the importance of this list:

  • List: 1 person selects/nominates each book on the list
  • Voters: are mostly from a single country/location

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