Harold Bloom's The Western Canon
This is one of the 759 lists we use to generate our main The Greatest Books list.
About this list
The Western Canon (Book) by Harold Bloom, 1498 Books
The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages is a 1994 book about Western literature by the American literary critic Harold Bloom, in which the author defends the concept of the Western canon by discussing 26 writers whom he sees as central to the canon.
The Western Canon includes four appendices listing works that Bloom at the time considered canonical, stretching from the earliest scriptures to Tony Kushner's Angels in America. Bloom later disowned the list, saying that it was written at his editor's insistence and distracted from the book's intention.
In adding this list, I did expand certain titles into multiple books, and combined some, since some are single short stories. This was a difficult list to add since there are so many books.
This list was originally published in 1994 and was added to this site over 2 years ago.
| Rank | Book | Authors | Year | Country | Language | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 264 | The Epic Of Gilgamesh | Unknown | -2100 | Multiple | Akkadian | |
| 5915 | Egyptian Book Of The Dead | Unknown | -1550 | Egyptian | Egyptian (hieroglyphic) | |
| 19 | The Bible | Unknown | -1400 | Jewish | Hebrew, aramaic, greek | |
| 323 | Mahabharata | Vyasa | -400 | Indian | Sanskrit | |
| 422 | Ramayana | Valmiki | -200 | Indian | Sanskrit | |
| 37 | The Iliad | Homer | -750 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 24 | The Odyssey | Homer | -740 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1049 | Works and Days | Hesiod | -700 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 3256 | The Theogony | Hesiod | -700 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5832 | Poems | Archilochos | -650 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 900 | The Poems of Sappho | Sappho | -569 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5830 | Poems | Alkman | -650 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4777 | Odes | Pindar | -518 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 285 | Oresteia | Aeschylus | -458 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1350 | Seven Against Thebes | Aeschylus | -467 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1256 | Prometheus Bound | Aeschylus | -455 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 613 | The Persians | Aeschylus | -471 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1351 | The Suppliants | Aeschylus | -463 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 106 | Oedipus the King | Sophocles | -429 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 383 | Oedipus at Colonus | Sophocles | -401 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 125 | Antigone | Sophocles | -441 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 986 | Electra | Sophocles | -409 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1124 | Ajax | Sophocles | -440 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1126 | Women of Trachis | Sophocles | -450 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1125 | Philoctetes | Sophocles | -409 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5815 | Cyclops | Euripides | -405 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4217 | Heracles | Euripides | -416 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 3106 | Alcestis | Euripides | -438 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4216 | Hecuba | Euripides | -424 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 943 | The Bacchae | Euripides | -405 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4223 | Orestes | Euripides | -408 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4214 | Andromache | Euripides | -425 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 307 | Medea | Euripides | -431 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4218 | Ion | Euripides | -413 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 2517 | Hippolytus | Euripides | -428 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5817 | Helen | Euripides | -412 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4219 | Iphigenia At Aulis | Euripides | -405 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1383 | The Birds | Aristophanes | -414 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 932 | The Clouds | Aristophanes | -423 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4225 | The Frogs | Aristophanes | -405 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 876 | Lysistrata | Aristophanes | -411 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 3608 | The Knights | Aristophanes | -424 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4229 | The Wasps | Aristophanes | -422 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 4156 | The Assemblywomen | Aristophanes | -391 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 624 | The Histories of Herodotus | Herodotus | -450 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 596 | The History of the Peloponnesian War | Thucydides | -410 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1364 | Fragments | Heraclitus | -500 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5854 | Works | Empedocles | -439 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 388 | The Complete Works of Plato | Plato | -387 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 1297 | Poetics | Aristotle | -322 | Greek | Greek | |
| 402 | The Nicomachean Ethics | Aristotle | -334 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5842 | The Girl From Samos | Menander | -342 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5828 | On The Sublime | Longinus | -50 | Greek | Greek | |
| 5822 | Hymns And Epigrams | Callimachus | -239 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5823 | Idylls | Theocritus | -260 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 334 | Parallel Lives | Plutarch | 100 | Greek | Greek | |
| 5824 | Moralia | Plutarch | -100 | Greek | Greek | |
| 562 | Aesop's Fables | Aesop | -560 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5826 | Satires | Lucian | -160 | Greek | Ancient greek | |
| 5833 | Pseudolus | Plautus | -191 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5836 | The Braggart Soldier | Plautus | -204 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5848 | The Rope | Plautus | -204 | Roman | Latin | |
| 4784 | Amphitryon | Plautus | -184 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5841 | The Girl From Andros | Terence | -166 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5840 | The Eunuch | Terence | -161 | Multiple | Latin | |
| 5844 | The Mother In Law | Terence | -160 | Roman | Latin | |
| 405 | De Rerum Natura | Lucretius | 55 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5827 | On The Gods | Marcus Tullius Cicero | 45 | Roman | Latin | |
| 518 | The Odes | Horace | 23 | Roman | Latin | |
| 4215 | Epistles | Horace | 20 | Latin | Latin | |
| 4224 | Satires | Horace | 35 | Latin | Latin | |
| 5834 | Satires | Persius | 62 | Latin | Latin | |
| 3128 | Attis And Other Poems | Catullus | -53 | Roman | Latin | |
| 70 | The Aeneid | Virgil | -19 | Roman | Latin | |
| 1543 | Eclogues | Virgil | -37 | Latin | Latin | |
| 2263 | Georgics | Virgil | 29 | Latin | Latin | |
| 4780 | Pharsalia | Lucan | 61 | Roman | Latin | |
| 175 | Metamorphoses | Ovid | 8 | Roman | Latin | |
| 4781 | The Art Of Love | Ovid | 2 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5821 | Heroides | Ovid | 25 | Roman | Latin | |
| 3314 | Satires | Juvenal | 100 | Roman | Latin | |
| 5816 | Epigrams | Martial | 86 | Latin | Latin | |
| 5835 | Six Tragedies | Seneca | 54 | Roman | Latin | |
| 554 | Satyricon | Petronius | 65 | Roman | Latin | |
| 512 | The Golden Ass | Apuleius | 158 | Roman | Latin | |
| 1459 | The City of God | Augustine | 413 | Roman | Latin | |
| 133 | Confessions | Augustine | 397 | Roman | Latin | |
| 505 | The Quran | Unknown | 610 | Arabic | Arabic | |
| 46 | One Thousand and One Nights | Unknown | 800 | Multiple | Arabic | |
| 1544 | The Poetic Edda | Unknown | 1270 | Multiple | Old norse | |
| 5894 | The Prose Edda | Snorri Sturluson | 1220 | Icelandic | Old norse | |
| 699 | The Nibelungenlied | Unknown | 1200 | German | Middle high german | |
| 1291 | Parzival | Wolfram Eschenbach | 1200 | German | Middle high german | |
| 4793 | Yvain | Chrétien de Troyes | 1177 | French | Old french | |
| 669 | Beowulf | Unknown | 1000 | Unknown | Old english | |
| 1410 | Poem of the Cid | Unknown | 1207 | Spanish | Old spanish | |
| 807 | The Book of the City of Ladies | Christine De Pizan | 1405 | French | French | |
| 7215 | Prison Of Love | Diego de San Pedro | 1485 | Spanish | Spanish | |
| 30 | The Divine Comedy | Dante Alighieri | 1308 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5857 | The New Life | Dante Alighieri | 1295 | Italian | Italian | |
| 464 | Petrarch's Songbook | Francesco Petrarca | 1341 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5858 | Selections | Francesco Petrarca | 1340 | Italian | Italian | |
| 122 | Decameron | Giovanni Boccaccio | 1353 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | Orlando Innamorato | Matteo Maria Boiardo | 1483 | Italian | Italian | |
| 972 | The Orlando Furioso | Lodovico Ariosto | 1516 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | Sonnets And Madrigals | Michelangelo Buonarroti | 1545 | Italian | Italian | |
| 152 | The Prince | Niccolo Machiavelli | 1532 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | The Mandrake | Niccolo Machiavelli | 1518 | Italian | Italian | |
| 2383 | Notebooks | Leonardo da Vinci | 1883 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5862 | The Book Of The Courtier | Baldassare Castiglione | 1528 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | Rime | Gaspara Stampa | 1554 | Italian | Italian | |
| 515 | Lives of the Artists | Giorgio Vasari | 1550 | Italian | Italian | |
| 1935 | Autobiography | Benvenuto Cellini | 1728 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5392 | Jerusalem Delivered | Torquato Tasso | 1581 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | The Expulsion Of The Triumphant Beast | Giordano Bruno | 1584 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | Poems Of Tommaso Campanella | Tommaso Campanella | 1601 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5812 | The City Of The Sun | Tommaso Campanella | 1623 | Italian | Latin | |
| 5862 | The New Science | Giambattista Vico | 1725 | Italian | Italian | |
| 5855 | The Servant Of Two Masters | Carlo Goldoni | 1746 | Italian | Italian | |
| 7215 | Saul | Vittorio Alfieri | 1782 | Italian | Italian |